Changes in the Composition and Surface Properties of Torrefied Conifer Cones
The result's identifiers
Result code in IS VaVaI
<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00027031%3A_____%2F20%3AN0000038" target="_blank" >RIV/00027031:_____/20:N0000038 - isvavai.cz</a>
Alternative codes found
RIV/60460709:41310/20:84383 RIV/60460709:41320/20:84383
Result on the web
<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245660" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245660</a>
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245660" target="_blank" >10.3390/ma13245660</a>
Alternative languages
Result language
angličtina
Original language name
Changes in the Composition and Surface Properties of Torrefied Conifer Cones
Original language description
The paper investigated the torrefaction of cones from three tree species: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.). The objective was to determine the effects of torrefaction temperature on the properties of cones with a view to their further use as a renewable energy source. Torrefaction was conducted at 200, 235, 275, and 320 degrees C for 60 min under an inert gas atmosphere. Elemental composition, ash content, and lower heating value (LHV) were measured for the original and torrefied samples. Torrefaction performance was evaluated using formulas for solid yield, higher heating value (HHV), HHV enhancement factor, as well as energy yield. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess elemental composition and structural changes at the surface of the torrefied material. For all the studied conifer species, the higher the torrefaction temperature, the greater the carbon and ash content and the higher the LHV (a maximum of 27.6 MJ center dot kg(-1) was recorded for spruce and larch cones torrefied at 320 degrees C). SEM images showed that an increase in process temperature from 200 to 320 degrees C led to partial decomposition of the scale surface as a result of lignin degradation. Cone scales from all tree species revealed C, O, N, Mg, K, and Si at the surface (except for pine scales, which did not contain Si). Furthermore, the higher the temperature, the higher the enhancement factor and the lower the energy yield of the torrefied biomass. Under the experimental conditions, spruce cones were characterized by the lowest weight loss, the highest HHV, and the highest energy yield, and so they are deemed the best raw material for torrefaction among the studied species.
Czech name
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Czech description
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Classification
Type
J<sub>imp</sub> - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database
CEP classification
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OECD FORD branch
20501 - Materials engineering
Result continuities
Project
—
Continuities
I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace
Others
Publication year
2020
Confidentiality
S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů
Data specific for result type
Name of the periodical
Materials
ISSN
1996-1944
e-ISSN
1996-1944
Volume of the periodical
13
Issue of the periodical within the volume
24
Country of publishing house
CH - SWITZERLAND
Number of pages
14
Pages from-to
1-14
UT code for WoS article
000602903000001
EID of the result in the Scopus database
2-s2.0-85097540957