Branched-chain amino acids in health and disease: metabolism, alterations in blood plasma, and as supplements

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216208%3A11150%2F18%3A10374897" target="_blank" >RIV/00216208:11150/18:10374897 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12986-018-0271-1" target="_blank" >https://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12986-018-0271-1</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12986-018-0271-1" target="_blank" >10.1186/s12986-018-0271-1</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Branched-chain amino acids in health and disease: metabolism, alterations in blood plasma, and as supplements

Original language description

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) are essential amino acids with protein anabolic properties, which have been studied in a number of muscle wasting disorders for more than 50 years. However, until today, there is no consensus regarding their therapeutic effectiveness. The aims of the article are: (i) to review the main metabolic pathways and supposed effects of the BCAA, (ii) explain the causes of altered metabolism and BCAA levels in various healthy and pathological conditions, and (iii) provide current views on their use as supplements for the possible main indications. The crucial role in BCAA metabolism play: (i) skeletal muscle as the initial site of BCAA catabolism accompanied with the release of alanine and glutamine to the blood; (ii) activity of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD); and (iii) amination of branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) to BCAAs. Enhanced consumption of BCAA for ammonia detoxification to glutamine in muscles is the cause of decreased BCAA levels in liver cirrhosis and urea cycle disorders. Increased BCKD activity is responsible for enhanced oxidation of BCAA in chronic renal failure, trauma, burn, sepsis, cancer, phenylbutyrate-treated subjects, and during exercise. Decreased BCKD activity is the main cause of increased BCAA levels and BCKAs in maple syrup urine disease, and plays a role in increased BCAA levels in diabetes type 2 and obesity. Increased BCAA concentrations during brief starvation and type 1 diabetes are explained by amination of BCKAs in visceral tissues and decreased uptake of BCAA by muscles. The studies indicate beneficial effects of BCAAs and BCKAs in therapy of chronic renal failure and a need of therapeutic strategies to avoid adverse effects of the BCAA administration on ammonia production in cirrhosis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of BCAA supplementation in burn, trauma, sepsis, cancer and exercise. Whether increased BCAA levels are beneficial or harmful and whether contribute to insulin resistance should be known before the decision regarding their suitability in obese subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes. It is concluded that alterations in BCAA metabolism have been found common in a number of disease states, and careful studies are needed to elucidate their therapeutic effectiveness in most indications.

Czech name

—

Czech description

—

Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

—

OECD FORD branch

30202 - Endocrinology and metabolism (including diabetes, hormones)

Project

—

Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2018

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Nutrition &amp; Metabolism

ISSN

1743-7075

e-ISSN

—

Volume of the periodical

15

Issue of the periodical within the volume

33

Country of publishing house

GB - UNITED KINGDOM

Number of pages

12

Pages from-to

1-12

UT code for WoS article

000431530300001

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-85046552521