Divergent evolution drives high diversity of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in passerine birds: Buntings and finches

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216208%3A11310%2F23%3A10465271" target="_blank" >RIV/00216208:11310/23:10465271 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=TfsrTKh8Tl" target="_blank" >https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=TfsrTKh8Tl</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2023.104704" target="_blank" >10.1016/j.dci.2023.104704</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Divergent evolution drives high diversity of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in passerine birds: Buntings and finches

Original language description

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) form a key component of animal innate immunity, being responsible for recognition of conserved microbial structures. As such, TLRs may be subject to diversifying and balancing selection, which maintains allelic variation both within and between populations. However, most research on TLRs in non-model avian species is focused on bottlenecked populations with depleted genetic variation. Here, we assessed variation at the extracellular domains of three TLR genes (TLR1LA, TLR3, TLR4) across eleven species from two passerine families of buntings (Emberizidae) and finches (Fringillidae), all having large breeding population sizes (millions of individuals). We found extraordinary TLR polymorphism in our study taxa, with &gt;100 alleles detected at TLR1LA and TLR4 across species and high haplotype diversity (&gt;0.75) in several species. Despite recent species divergence, no nucleotide allelic variants were shared between species, suggesting rapid TLR evolution. Higher variation at TLR1LA and TLR4 than TLR3 was associated with a stronger signal of diversifying selection, as measured with nucleotide substitutions rates and the number of positively selected sites (PSS). Structural protein modelling of TLRs showed that some PSS detected within TLR1LA and TLR4 were previously recognized as functionally important sites or were located in their proximity, possibly affecting ligand recognition. Further-more, we identified PSS responsible for major surface electrostatic charge clustering, which may indicate their adaptive importance. Our study provides compelling evidence for the divergent evolution of TLR genes in buntings and finches and indicates that high TLR variation may be adaptively maintained via diversifying se-lection acting on functional ligand binding sites.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

—

OECD FORD branch

10600 - Biological sciences

Project

Result was created during the realization of more than one project. More information in the Projects tab.

Continuities

P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)

Publication year

2023

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Developmental and Comparative Immunology

ISSN

0145-305X

e-ISSN

1879-0089

Volume of the periodical

144

Issue of the periodical within the volume

July

Country of publishing house

GB - UNITED KINGDOM

Number of pages

15

Pages from-to

104704

UT code for WoS article

000976493100001

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-85151498781