Strengths and Weaknesses of LLM-Based and Rule-Based NLP Technologies and Their Potential Synergies †

Result code in IS VaVaI
<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216208%3A11320%2F26%3ALP7WTV8U" target="_blank" >RIV/00216208:11320/26:LP7WTV8U - isvavai.cz</a>
Result on the web
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics14153064" target="_blank" >http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics14153064</a>
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics14153064" target="_blank" >10.3390/electronics14153064</a>

Result language
angličtina
Original language name
Strengths and Weaknesses of LLM-Based and Rule-Based NLP Technologies and Their Potential Synergies †
Original language description
Large Language Models (LLMs) have been the cutting-edge technology in natural language processing (NLP) in recent years, making machine-generated text indistinguishable from human-generated text. On the other hand, “rule-based” Natural Language Generation (NLG) and Natural Language Understanding (NLU) algorithms were developed in earlier years, and they have performed well in certain areas of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Today, an arduous task that arises is how to estimate the quality of the produced text. This process depends on the aspects of text that you need to assess, varying from correct grammar and syntax to more intriguing aspects such as coherence and semantical fluency. Although the performance of LLMs is high, the challenge is whether LLMs can cooperate with rule-based NLG/NLU technology by leveraging their assets to overcome LLMs’ weak points. This paper presents the basics of these two families of technologies and the applications, strengths, and weaknesses of each approach, analyzes the different ways of evaluating a machine-generated text, and, lastly, focuses on a first-level approach of possible combinations of these two approaches to enhance performance in specific tasks. © 2025 by the authors.
Czech name
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Czech description
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Type
J<sub>SC</sub> - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the SCOPUS database
CEP classification
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OECD FORD branch
10201 - Computer sciences, information science, bioinformathics (hardware development to be 2.2, social aspect to be 5.8)

Publication year
2025
Confidentiality
S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

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