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High Specific Efficiency of Venom of Two Prey-Specialized Spiders

The result's identifiers

  • Result code in IS VaVaI

    <a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216224%3A14310%2F19%3A00107942" target="_blank" >RIV/00216224:14310/19:00107942 - isvavai.cz</a>

  • Result on the web

    <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/12/687" target="_blank" >https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/12/687</a>

  • DOI - Digital Object Identifier

    <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120687" target="_blank" >10.3390/toxins11120687</a>

Alternative languages

  • Result language

    angličtina

  • Original language name

    High Specific Efficiency of Venom of Two Prey-Specialized Spiders

  • Original language description

    The venom of predators should be under strong selection pressure because it is a costly substance and prey may potentially become resistant. Particularly in prey-specialized predators, venom should be selected for its high efficiency against the focal prey. Very effective venom paralysis has been observed in specialized predators, such as spiders preying on dangerous prey. Here, we compared the toxicity of the venoms of two prey-specialized species, araneophagous Palpimanus sp. and myrmecophagous Zodarion nitidum, and their related generalist species. We injected different venom concentrations into two prey types-the prey preferred by a specialist and an alternative prey-and observed the mortality and the paralysis of the prey within 24 h. We found that the venoms of specialists were far more potent towards the preferred prey than alternative prey. The venoms of generalists were similarly potent towards both prey types. In addition, we tested the efficacy of two venom fractions (smaller and larger than 10 kDa) in araneophagous Palpimanus sp. Compounds larger than 10 kDa paralyzed both prey types, but smaller compounds (&lt;10 kDa) were effective only on preferred prey, suggesting the presence of prey-specific compounds in the latter fraction. Our results confirm that prey-specialized spiders possess highly specific venom that allows them to subdue dangerous prey.

  • Czech name

  • Czech description

Classification

  • Type

    J<sub>imp</sub> - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

  • CEP classification

  • OECD FORD branch

    10600 - Biological sciences

Result continuities

  • Project

    <a href="/en/project/GA15-14762S" target="_blank" >GA15-14762S: Coevolution of prey-specialisation and venom composition in spiders</a><br>

  • Continuities

    P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)<br>S - Specificky vyzkum na vysokych skolach

Others

  • Publication year

    2019

  • Confidentiality

    S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Data specific for result type

  • Name of the periodical

    TOXINS

  • ISSN

    2072-6651

  • e-ISSN

  • Volume of the periodical

    11

  • Issue of the periodical within the volume

    12

  • Country of publishing house

    CH - SWITZERLAND

  • Number of pages

    12

  • Pages from-to

    1-12

  • UT code for WoS article

    000507337800010

  • EID of the result in the Scopus database

    2-s2.0-85075696119