SmartOTPs: An Air-Gapped 2-Factor Authentication for Smart-Contract Wallets
The result's identifiers
Result code in IS VaVaI
<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216305%3A26230%2F26%3A0191341" target="_blank" >RIV/00216305:26230/26:0191341 - isvavai.cz</a>
Result on the web
<a href="https://github.com/ivan-homoliak-sutd/SmartOTPs?tab=readme-ov-file" target="_blank" >https://github.com/ivan-homoliak-sutd/SmartOTPs?tab=readme-ov-file</a>
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
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Alternative languages
Result language
angličtina
Original language name
SmartOTPs: An Air-Gapped 2-Factor Authentication for Smart-Contract Wallets
Original language description
We propose and develop SmartOTPs, a smart-contract wallet framework that gives a flexible, usable, and secure way of managing crypto-tokens in a self-sovereign fashion. The proposed framework consists of four components (i.e., an authenticator, a client, a hardware wallet, and a smart contract), and it provides 2-factor authentication (2FA) performed in two stages of interaction with the blockchain. To the best of our knowledge, our framework is the first one that utilizes one-time passwords (OTPs) in the setting of the public blockchain. In SmartOTPs, the OTPs are aggregated by a Merkle tree and hash chains whereby for each authentication only a short OTP (e.g., 16B-long) is transferred from the authenticator to the client. Such a novel setting enables us to make a fully air-gapped authenticator by utilizing small QR codes or a few mnemonic words, while additionally offering resilience against quantum cryptanalysis. We have made a proof-of-concept based on the Ethereum platform. Our cost analysis shows that the average cost of a transfer operation is comparable to existing 2FA solutions using smart contracts with multi-signatures.
Czech name
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Czech description
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Classification
Type
G<sub>funk</sub> - Functional sample
CEP classification
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OECD FORD branch
10201 - Computer sciences, information science, bioinformathics (hardware development to be 2.2, social aspect to be 5.8)
Result continuities
Project
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Continuities
I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace
Others
Publication year
2025
Confidentiality
S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů
Data specific for result type
Internal product ID
SmartOTPs
Numerical identification
9781450381390
Technical parameters
The parameters of the product are describe in our paper https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3419614.3423257 We developed software implementation of smart contract wallet, client DAPP, and authenticator App (both as Android app as well as hardware implementation on ESP8266 MCU).
Economical parameters
No known. The product is licensed under MIT license, and its altered version is used by Harmony One Wallet - https://github.com/polymorpher/one-wallet. At the peak times of Harmony, its OneWallet secured hundreds of millions of USD.
Application category by cost
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Owner IČO
00216305
Owner name
Vysoké učení technické v Brně
Owner country
CZ - CZECH REPUBLIC
Usage type
N - Využití výsledku jiným subjektem je možné bez nabytí licence (výsledek není licencován)
Licence fee requirement
N - Poskytovatel licence na výsledek nepožaduje licenční poplatek
Web page
https://github.com/ivan-homoliak-sutd/SmartOTPs?tab=readme-ov-file