Modular IoT Architecture for Monitoring and Control of Office Environments Based on Home Assistant

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F44555601%3A13440%2F25%3A43899512" target="_blank" >RIV/44555601:13440/25:43899512 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2624-831X/6/4/69" target="_blank" >https://www.mdpi.com/2624-831X/6/4/69</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iot6040069" target="_blank" >10.3390/iot6040069</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Modular IoT Architecture for Monitoring and Control of Office Environments Based on Home Assistant

Original language description

Cloud-centric IoT frameworks remain dominant; however, they introduce major challenges related to data privacy, latency, and system resilience. Existing open-source solutions often lack standardized principles for scalable, local-first deployment and do not adequately integrate fault tolerance with hybrid automation logic. This study presents a practical and extensible local-first IoT architecture designed for full operational autonomy using open-source components. The proposed system features a modular, layered design that includes device, communication, data, management, service, security, and presentation layers. It integrates MQTT, Zigbee, REST, and WebSocket protocols to enable reliable publish?subscribe and request?response communication among heterogeneous devices. A hybrid automation model combines rule-based logic with lightweight data-driven routines for context-aware decision-making. The implementation uses Proxmox-based virtualization with Home Assistant as the core automation engine and operates entirely offline, ensuring privacy and continuity without cloud dependency. The architecture was deployed in a real-world office environment and evaluated under workload and fault-injection scenarios. Results demonstrate stable operation with MQTT throughput exceeding 360,000 messages without packet loss, automatic recovery from simulated failures within three minutes, and energy savings of approximately 28% compared to baseline manual control. Compared to established frameworks such as FIWARE and IoT-A, the proposed approach achieves enhanced modularity, local autonomy, and hybrid control capabilities, offering a reproducible model for privacy-sensitive smart environments.

Czech name

—

Czech description

—

Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

—

OECD FORD branch

10201 - Computer sciences, information science, bioinformathics (hardware development to be 2.2, social aspect to be 5.8)

Project

—

Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2025

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

IoT

ISSN

2624-831X

e-ISSN

2624-831X

Volume of the periodical

6

Issue of the periodical within the volume

4

Country of publishing house

CH - SWITZERLAND

Number of pages

34

Pages from-to

"Nestrankovano"

UT code for WoS article

001646709300001

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-105025680208