Risk Assessment and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals with an Emphasis on Antimony (Sb) in Urban Soil in Bojnourd, Iran

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F44555601%3A13520%2F23%3A43897951" target="_blank" >RIV/44555601:13520/23:43897951 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/4/3495" target="_blank" >https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/4/3495</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043495" target="_blank" >10.3390/su15043495</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Risk Assessment and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals with an Emphasis on Antimony (Sb) in Urban Soil in Bojnourd, Iran

Original language description

Recently, one of the major environmental issues is the pollution of soil with Antimony (Sb),which is ecologically detrimental and potentially carcinogenic to humans. In developing countriessuch as Iran, Sb concentrations in soils have not yet been accurately determined. Therefore, thepurpose of this study was to examine the levels of Sb and the other HMs (Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Hg andCr) in the surface soils of Bojnourd, Iran, as well as their distribution and potential risks to theenvironment and human health. A total of 37 soil samples (0?20 cm) were taken from differentsampling stations: 900 900 m regular grid for traffic areas (TA), residential areas (RA) and suburbareas (SA). The contamination factor (CF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) are two indices thatwere used to reflect the potential ecological risk from HMs. Geographic information system (GIS),Spearman correlation matrix and health risk indexes were utilized to investigate the source andpotential hazard of HMs. The results showed that the average concentration of HMs in TA washighly enriched compared to other areas. Most soil samples were identified to have low levels ofSb and Ni pollution, while having moderate to high levels of Pb, Cr, As, Hg and Cd pollution, asdetermined by the pollution indices (Igeo and CF). Geostatistical analysis and GIS mapping of thespatial distribution of HM concentrations showed that there have been similar patterns of spatialdistribution for Cd, Cr, Ni and Sb and their hot spots were in the southeast, west and center of the city.Neither the hazard quotient (HQ) nor the hazard index (HI) of the examined HMs indicated any noncarcinogenicrisk to adults or children. However, carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that cancerrisk was raised from Cr and Cd contents for children, while these elements showed an acceptablerisk for adults. Furthermore, children?s carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic values were greater thanadults?, indicating more potential health hazards associated with these HMs. Therefore, assessing therisk posed by HM pollution in urban surface soil is vital and urgent for children. A more detailedinvestigation is also required to identify the spatial distribution of soil pollution in areas recognizedas enriched in Sb. A proper assessment of the environmental risk and the corresponding risk tohumans from HM in a study area can be critical to developing an appropriate remediation method.

Czech name

—

Czech description

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Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

—

OECD FORD branch

10511 - Environmental sciences (social aspects to be 5.7)

Project

—

Continuities

N - Vyzkumna aktivita podporovana z neverejnych zdroju

Publication year

2023

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Sustainability

ISSN

2071-1050

e-ISSN

2071-1050

Volume of the periodical

15

Issue of the periodical within the volume

4

Country of publishing house

CH - SWITZERLAND

Number of pages

19

Pages from-to

"nestrankovano"

UT code for WoS article

000941484800001

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-85149247080