Long-term immune changes after COVID-19 and the effect of BCG vaccination and latent infections on disease severity

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F60077344%3A_____%2F25%3A00643521" target="_blank" >RIV/60077344:_____/25:00643521 - isvavai.cz</a>

Alternative codes found

RIV/00216224:14110/25:00143256 RIV/00027162:_____/25:N0000047

Result on the web

<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.70041" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.70041</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cti2.70041" target="_blank" >10.1002/cti2.70041</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Long-term immune changes after COVID-19 and the effect of BCG vaccination and latent infections on disease severity

Original language description

ObjectivesSeveral years after the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on immunity and the potential protective role of Bacillus Calmette-Gu & eacuterin (BCG) vaccination through trained immunity remain a subject of investigation. This study aimed to determine the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 on immune cells and the association between BCG vaccination, latent infections and COVID-19 severity and sepsis progression.MethodsWe conducted a prospective analysis of patients who recovered from mild/severe/critical COVID-19 (n = 97, 3-17 months after COVID-19) and sepsis patients (n = 64). First, we assessed the impact of COVID-19 and its severity on immune cell frequencies and expression of functional markers. Further, we analysed plasma titres of anti-Toxoplasma gondii/cytomegalovirus/BCG antibodies and their association with COVID-19 severity and sepsis outcome. To examine monocyte responses to secondary challenge, monocytes isolated from COVID-19 convalescent patients, BCG vaccinated and unvaccinated volunteers were stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 and LPS.ResultsPost-COVID-19 patients showed immune dysregulation regardless of disease severity characterised by altered expression of activation and functional markers in myeloid (CD39, CD64, CD85d, CD11b) and lymphoid cells (CD39, CD57, TIGIT). Strikingly, post-critical COVID-19 patients showed elevated expression of CD57 in CD8+ T cells compared to other severity groups. A trend toward improved outcomes in BCG-seropositive COVID-19/sepsis patients was observed, although this may be confounded by age differences between groups. In contrast, the monocyte response to stimulation appeared unaffected by COVID-19 severity.ConclusionThese findings highlight the long-term alterations of immune cells in post-COVID-19 patients, emphasising the substantial impact of COVID-19 on immune function.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

—

OECD FORD branch

10607 - Virology

Project

—

Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2025

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Clinical and Translational Immunology

ISSN

2050-0068

e-ISSN

2050-0068

Volume of the periodical

14

Issue of the periodical within the volume

7

Country of publishing house

GB - UNITED KINGDOM

Number of pages

19

Pages from-to

e70041

UT code for WoS article

001517538300001

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-105009336875