Kinetics of Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Condensation-Comparison of Common Experimental Techniques

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F61988987%3A17310%2F22%3AA2302CQV" target="_blank" >RIV/61988987:17310/22:A2302CQV - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/1/8/htm" target="_blank" >https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/1/8/htm</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8010008" target="_blank" >10.3390/gels8010008</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Kinetics of Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Condensation-Comparison of Common Experimental Techniques

Original language description

Porous carbons, originated from resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) gels, show high application potential. However, the kinetics and mechanism of RF condensation are still not well described. In this work, different methods (dynamic light scattering-DLS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-FTIR, low field H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry-H-1-NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry-DSC) were used to follow the isothermal RF condensation of mixtures varying in catalyst content (Na2CO3) and reactant concentration. The applicability and results obtained by the methods used differ significantly. The changes in functional groups can be followed by FTIR only at very early stages of the reaction. DLS enables the estimate of the growth of particles in reaction solution, but only before the solution becomes more viscous. Following the relaxation of H-1 nuclei in water during RF condensation brings a different view on the system-this technique follows the properties of the present water that is gradually captured in polymeric gel. From this side, the process behaves similarly to the nucleation reaction, which is in contradiction to the n-order mechanism confirmed by other techniques. The widest range of applicability was found for DSC measurement of the freezing/melting behavior of the reaction mixture, which is possible to use without any limitations until full solidification. Furthermore, this approach enables us to follow the gradual formation and development of the gel through the intermediate undergoing glass transition.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

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OECD FORD branch

10404 - Polymer science

Project

—

Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2022

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

GELS

ISSN

2310-2861

e-ISSN

2310-2861

Volume of the periodical

—

Issue of the periodical within the volume

1

Country of publishing house

CH - SWITZERLAND

Number of pages

15

Pages from-to

1-15

UT code for WoS article

000747514700001

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-85121772669