Do Agroforestry Systems and Landscape Features of Non-Production Function Influence the Temperature Regime in the Landscape? Case Study Šardice (South Moravia, Czech Republic) - Preliminary Results
The result's identifiers
Result code in IS VaVaI
<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F62156489%3A43210%2F20%3A43918992" target="_blank" >RIV/62156489:43210/20:43918992 - isvavai.cz</a>
Alternative codes found
RIV/00216305:26110/20:PU143902
Result on the web
<a href="https://www.ldf.mendelu.cz/wcd/web-ldf/projektove/balkova/dnyozemi...opdakrajin-sbornk2020.pdf" target="_blank" >https://www.ldf.mendelu.cz/wcd/web-ldf/projektove/balkova/dnyozemi...opdakrajin-sbornk2020.pdf</a>
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
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Alternative languages
Result language
angličtina
Original language name
Do Agroforestry Systems and Landscape Features of Non-Production Function Influence the Temperature Regime in the Landscape? Case Study Šardice (South Moravia, Czech Republic) - Preliminary Results
Original language description
This study aims to describe basic trends in temperature regimes in the degraded landscape of the Kyjovsko region (South Moravia, Czech Republic). This region mostly encompasses very fertile soils (Chernozems, with the very thick organic chernic horizon), which are however very frequently eroded (eroded Chernozems). This phenomenon is mainly due to merging of field blocks together during collectivization, which was the agricultural policy in the time period after the World War II. The resulting fields of as much as hundreds of hectares have remained until present days. Such landscape is (aside from erosion hazard) of the desertlike nature, especially in very hot and dry seasons, which happened during the previous two years. The non-productive landscape features and agroforestry systems have been established in the area to eliminate such negative effects. To study the effectiveness of these measures, the two study plots were established at the two localities near the Šardice village and entitled after their owners/founders: The "Marada Plot" (12 ha) comprises non-production landscape features enhancing biodiversity and acting as a protection against erosion and a climate mitigation measure. The "Dumbrovsky Plot" (73 ha) consists of strips of woody vegetation (orchards) with agricultural intercrop (peas, lucerne), i.e. a productive system with presupposed important environmental benefits (agroforestry). At each of the plots, sensors for temperature and soil moisture monitoring were installed (TMS, see: https://tomst.com/web/en/systems/tms/). The TMS sensors installed in the soil once and collected temperature three times (in the 20-cm depth, on the soil surface, and 10 cm above the soil surface). The measurement of soil moisture is based on electro-conductivity and gives a dimensionless number, which is a subject for calibration (Wild et al. 2019). At the "Marada Plot", the TMS dataloggers were placed along the transect, from the conventional arable land (peas), through the "biobelt" (a belt of a mixture of various grass species), to the "biocentre" (non-productive grassland with woody or shrub vegetation). The fourth datalogger is situated at a hedgerow, right in the heart of "biocentre". At the "Dumbrovsky Plot", TMS datallogers are set up at the similar pattern - arable field (peas) and orchard (mostly plums)". Together it comprises 6 sensors, collecting data every 15 minutes starting from 31st July 2019. In this study, the period of 2 months (VIII-IX) was analysed in more details. Due to a limited number of thermometers, both areas were flown over by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), "a drone" type Trinity F9, equipped with RGB and multispectral cameras on 4th September 2019. The spectral bands: red, green, blue, red-edge, near-infra red, LWR (thermal); spatial resolution: first 5 bands max. 9.13 cm, LWR: max. 117.8 cm; flight altitude of 190 m. Further technical parameters of MicaSense Altum camera - see https://www.micasense.com/altum. After georeferencing of the images, the data processing resulted in the thermal map of both study plots (in oC) and the layer of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). The former enabled to assess trends in temperatures at the landscape level within the defined vegetation classes (described above). For each class the subarea of app. constant size was delimited and basic statistics were calculated. The results obtained from the dataloggers show the significant decreasing trend in soil surface temperature alongside the transect of the arable field (barley) - biobelt - biocentre during the whole monitoring period (the average difference between field and biocentre is app. 2.5 oC). Values of biobelts shifted during the time, being near to those of the arable field in August and decreasing towards those of the biocentre during September. These ones point at the significant role of trees and woody vegetation in the landscape (which are only in biocentre). The temperature values read from the dataloggers during the UAV flight match well with the temperatures derived from the appropriate pixel (R2=0.85). It is a good relation, despite the exact point character of the dataloggers values and the values averaged within 1m2 pixel of UAV thermal band. Basic statistics computed for the particular subplots within the flight period on 4th September 2019 are as follows: mean 22.9 oC (+- SD1.9) for arable field, 21.1 (+- 2.3) for biobelt and 18.7 (+- 2.5) for biocentre. Naturally, the biocentre itself and buffer of the biobelt show much higher NDVI values than the surrounding conventional fields. The conditions at the Dumbrovsky Plot are more heterogeneous. Based on photointerpretation of RGB, thermal and NDVI layers, it can be concluded that the presence of (more) vegetation cover (including dense agricultural crop!) lowers the surface temperature. Also, the temperatures 10 cm above the ground surface correlate better here with the thermal band of UAV than the temperatures from the ground surface itself. Further, the strong negative correlation between the temperatures (derived from the camera) and NDVI (R2= - 0.85) suggests the important role of vegetation in this respect. The second key factor is the organic matter content in case the naked soil emerges at places that are temporarily without the vegetation cover. The values of the surface temperatures between the variants (arable field - peas and orchards) do not differ in such an extent as at the Marada Plot (28.1 oC +- 2.2 and 28.3 oC +- 1.7, respectively). This is probably due to more complex conditions and factors as suggested above based on the fact, that the Dumbrovsky Plot is a productive agroforestry system in essence and hereby managed. However, the average temperatures during the whole summer period were in every moment equal or (more often) lower in orchards than in the open areas. Despite its limitations, this preliminary study shows the importance of tree vegetation in the thermal regime of the landscape. The standard explanation is that trees create specific microclimate (Kanzler et al. 2019; Quinkenstein et al. 2009) and transform the solar energy into the process of photosynthesis and (evapo)transpiration with the parallel cooling effect (Ellison et al. 2017). This is a good presumption together with the carbon sequestration potential to be an efficient tool in climate adaptation and mitigation. The limits of this study are the number of sensors (in fact without any replications) and only one single UAV image. We intend to deal with these disadvantages in the following year (2020) by installing more dataloggers (also in deeper soil horizons and in the air) and by obtaining time series of UAV images during the season. Moreover, we will focus on the integrated assessment of the temperature and humidity regimes.
Czech name
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Czech description
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Classification
Type
O - Miscellaneous
CEP classification
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OECD FORD branch
10511 - Environmental sciences (social aspects to be 5.7)
Result continuities
Project
<a href="/en/project/TH04030409" target="_blank" >TH04030409: Agroforestry systems for protection and restoration of landscape functions endangered by the effects of the climate change and human activity</a><br>
Continuities
I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace
Others
Publication year
2020
Confidentiality
S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů