Copper mobility in chloride-contaminated soils: empirical models considering surface area and concentration

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F62156489%3A43210%2F25%3A43926778" target="_blank" >RIV/62156489:43210/25:43926778 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-025-03999-8" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-025-03999-8</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-025-03999-8" target="_blank" >10.1007/s11368-025-03999-8</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Copper mobility in chloride-contaminated soils: empirical models considering surface area and concentration

Original language description

Purpose Understanding how copper (Cu) and chloride ions (ClMINUS SIGN ) affect metal mobility is increasingly important in the context of climate change and soil degradation and provides deeper insights into soil management and remediation strategies. This study aimed to: (1) understand how the type of soil and its physicochemical properties affect the distribution of Cu in the modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) fractions in soils contaminated with copper(II) chloride; (2) to identify the key factors influencing Cu mobility and stability in various types of soils in the presence of high concentrations of ClMINUS SIGN and Cu.; and (3) to develop empirical models for predicting BCR fractions of Cu (FI, FII, FIII+IV) for engineering purposes. Methods The BCR sequential extraction method was used to evaluate the mobility of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb in 18 soil samples under varying Cu and ClMINUS SIGN ion concentrations, as well as various physicochemical properties. Metal concentrations were determined using the ICP MINUS SIGN OES method. Statistical methods were used to investigate how metal type and concentration, chloride (ClMINUS SIGN ) concentration, pHKCl, soil-specific surface area (SSSA), organic matter (OM), sand (SA), silt (SIL), clay (CLY) fractions, and particle size (d10, d50) influence the distribution of metal ions within the BCR fractions, and to identify which of these factors are most important in predicting the mobile fraction of Cu. Results The mobility of metal ions follows Cu &gt; Pb &gt; Zn &gt; Ni. The BCR chemical fractions are as follows: Cu (FI GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO FII GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO FIII &gt; FIV); Zn and Ni (FIV &gt; FIII GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO FII &gt; FI); Pb (FIII &gt; FIV &gt; FII &gt; FI). As Cu and ClMINUS SIGN concentrations increase, mobile (FI) and potentially mobile (FII) Cu fractions rise, with Cu having a greater effect. FI Cu fractions increase with a decreas ing SSSA. ANCOVA confirmed a statistically significant relationship between soil type and Cu in BCR chemical fractions. Conclusion There are statistically significant differences in the behavior of mobile and stable BCR metal fractions depend ing on metal concentrations, soil type (silt loam, silty clay, clay), and soil physicochemical properties, which is crucial for understanding environmental risks in a saline environment. Soils with Cu concentrations above 800 mg/kg dm (dry matter) pose a significant environmental risk, as FI + FII can reach up to 80%. The content of mobile and stable Cu fractions can be predicted using an empirical formula based on total Cu and SSSA.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

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OECD FORD branch

40104 - Soil science

Project

—

Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2025

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Journal of Soils and Sediments

ISSN

1439-0108

e-ISSN

1614-7480

Volume of the periodical

25

Issue of the periodical within the volume

4

Country of publishing house

DE - GERMANY

Number of pages

22

Pages from-to

1280-1301

UT code for WoS article

001448220700001

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-105003760041