Endophyte-enriched biochar and zeolite for heavy metal immobilization in sewage-irrigated soils: impacts on Spinacia oleracea growth and antioxidant responses
The result's identifiers
Result code in IS VaVaI
<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F62156489%3A43210%2F25%3A43927219" target="_blank" >RIV/62156489:43210/25:43927219 - isvavai.cz</a>
Result on the web
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2025.2526599" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2025.2526599</a>
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2025.2526599" target="_blank" >10.1080/15226514.2025.2526599</a>
Alternative languages
Result language
angličtina
Original language name
Endophyte-enriched biochar and zeolite for heavy metal immobilization in sewage-irrigated soils: impacts on Spinacia oleracea growth and antioxidant responses
Original language description
Untreated sewage water (SW) irrigation in farmlands leads to the accumulation of toxic metals in soils, which can cause serious concerns for food safety and global food security. This study evaluated the effectiveness of endophytic enriched biochar (EBC) and endophytic enriched zeolite (EZE) as immobilizing agents to reduce heavy metal uptake in Spinacea oleracea (S. oleracea) irrigated with SW. In a pot experiment, EBC and EZE were applied at rate of 1% w/w with control treatment. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. Results showed that SW negatively affected spinach growth and physiology. However, applying EBC and EZE, alone or in combination, considerably improved growth and physiology by reducing cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) uptake. Interestingly, combining EBC and EZE with tap water (TW) and SW increased shoot and root dry weights by 80.58% and 71.83%, reducing Cd and Cr uptake in shoots by 93% and 75%, respectively, compared to the control. Additionally, this combination significantly decreased antioxidant enzyme activity, particularly Ascorbate peroxidase (APX, 59.4%), Catalase (CAT, 42.3%), Glutathione peroxidase (GPX, 68%). The co-application of EBC and EZE under TW+SW (1:1) enhanced phyto-stabilization efficiency significantly and minimized health risks from spinach consumption. The improvement in plant growth with EBC and EZE under Cd and Cr stress suggests that both amendments could be efficient for promoting the Cd and Cr immobilization and improving the soil quality in Cd and Cr-contaminated soil. This emphasizes their capacity as sustainable soil enhancer for the remediation of Cd and Cr-contaminated soils, promotion of healthy plant biomass and support the prolonged ecological restoration.
Czech name
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Czech description
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Classification
Type
J<sub>imp</sub> - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database
CEP classification
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OECD FORD branch
10511 - Environmental sciences (social aspects to be 5.7)
Result continuities
Project
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Continuities
I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace
Others
Publication year
2025
Confidentiality
S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů
Data specific for result type
Name of the periodical
International Journal of Phytoremediation
ISSN
1522-6514
e-ISSN
1549-7879
Volume of the periodical
27
Issue of the periodical within the volume
13
Country of publishing house
US - UNITED STATES
Number of pages
20
Pages from-to
1867-1886
UT code for WoS article
001522983500001
EID of the result in the Scopus database
2-s2.0-105010241569