Branched and linear fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) relevant to human health

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F67985823%3A_____%2F22%3A00556127" target="_blank" >RIV/67985823:_____/22:00556127 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107972" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107972</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107972" target="_blank" >10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107972</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Branched and linear fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) relevant to human health

Original language description

Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) represent a complex lipid class that contains both signaling mediators and structural components of lipid biofilms in humans. The majority of endogenous FAHFAs share a common chemical architecture, characterized by an estolide bond that links the hydroxy fatty acid (HFA) backbone and the fatty acid (FA). Two structurally and functionally distinct FAHFA superfamilies are recognized based on the position of the estolide bond: omega-FAHFAs and in-chain branched FAHFAs. The existing variety of possible HFAs and FAs combined with the position of the estolide bond generates a vast quantity of unique structures identified in FAHFA families. In this review, we discuss the anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects of branched FAHFAs and the role of omega-FAHFA-derived lipids as surfactants in the tear film lipid layer and dry eye disease. To emphasize potential pharmacological targets, we recapitulate the biosynthesis of the HFA backbone within the superfamilies together with the degradation pathways and the FAHFA regioisomer distribution in human and mouse adipose tissue. We propose a theoretical involvement of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the generation and degradation of saturated HFA backbones and present an overview of small-molecule inhibitors used in FAHFA research. The FAHFA lipid class is huge and largely unexplored. Besides the unknown biological effects of individual FAHFAs, also the enigmatic enzymatic machinery behind their synthesis could provide new therapeutic approaches for inflammatory metabolic or eye diseases. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of (FA)HFA synthesis at the molecular level should be the next step in FAHFA research.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

—

OECD FORD branch

10608 - Biochemistry and molecular biology

Project

<a href="/en/project/LTAUSA18104" target="_blank" >LTAUSA18104: The role of antioxidant defense in the synthesis of antidiabetic lipokines</a><br>

Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2022

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Pharmacology and Therapeutics

ISSN

0163-7258

e-ISSN

1879-016X

Volume of the periodical

231

Issue of the periodical within the volume

Mar

Country of publishing house

GB - UNITED KINGDOM

Number of pages

12

Pages from-to

107972

UT code for WoS article

000766822100015

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-85114251796