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The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

The result's identifiers

  • Result code in IS VaVaI

    <a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F67985912%3A_____%2F21%3A00547098" target="_blank" >RIV/67985912:_____/21:00547098 - isvavai.cz</a>

  • Result on the web

    <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04018-9.pdf" target="_blank" >https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04018-9.pdf</a>

  • DOI - Digital Object Identifier

    <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04018-9" target="_blank" >10.1038/s41586-021-04018-9</a>

Alternative languages

  • Result language

    angličtina

  • Original language name

    The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

  • Original language description

    Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 BC. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia and Anatolia, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 BC, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 BC driving the spread of Indo-European languages. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium BC Sintashta culture.

  • Czech name

  • Czech description

Classification

  • Type

    J<sub>imp</sub> - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

  • CEP classification

  • OECD FORD branch

    60102 - Archaeology

Result continuities

  • Project

  • Continuities

    I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Others

  • Publication year

    2021

  • Confidentiality

    S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Data specific for result type

  • Name of the periodical

    Nature

  • ISSN

    0028-0836

  • e-ISSN

    1476-4687

  • Volume of the periodical

    598

  • Issue of the periodical within the volume

    7882

  • Country of publishing house

    GB - UNITED KINGDOM

  • Number of pages

    7

  • Pages from-to

    634-640

  • UT code for WoS article

    000709352200002

  • EID of the result in the Scopus database

    2-s2.0-85117498173