Compliance behavior under surveillance: introduction of the video assistant referee to European football

Result code in IS VaVaI
<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F67985998%3A_____%2F22%3A00562788" target="_blank" >RIV/67985998:_____/22:00562788 - isvavai.cz</a>
Alternative codes found
RIV/00216208:11640/22:00562789
Result on the web
<a href="https://www.cerge-ei.cz/pdf/wp/Wp733.pdf" target="_blank" >https://www.cerge-ei.cz/pdf/wp/Wp733.pdf</a>
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
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Result language
angličtina
Original language name
Compliance behavior under surveillance: introduction of the video assistant referee to European football
Original language description
This paper analyzes the effect of introducing the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) to European football. First, the setting allows for decomposition of the deterrence and monitoring effects in Becker’s (1968) model of crime. Second, I estimate the deterrence effect’s spillover outside the surveillance environment. Third, I find evidence of a much under-studied learning-by-punishment effect. This paper applies the difference-in-difference strategy to show that the introduction of VAR causes a significant decrease in the number of fouls in two German football leagues. VAR had an immediate impact on severe fouls, while the effect on penalty fouls is apparent after a 12 week adjustment period. Punishment intensifies the deterrence effect as punished players commit even fewer fouls than unpunished players. Moreover, the deterrence effect persists outside of the surveillance environment, i.e., there is a spillover effect on international competitions. I show that players from countries with VAR commit fewer fouls in international competitions than other players.
Czech name
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Czech description
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Project
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Continuities
I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year
2022
Confidentiality
S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

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