Out of the core: the impact of focal ischemia in regions beyond the penumbra

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F68378041%3A_____%2F24%3A00584837" target="_blank" >RIV/68378041:_____/24:00584837 - isvavai.cz</a>

Alternative codes found

RIV/00216208:11130/24:10478640

Result on the web

<a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fncel.2024.1336886/full" target="_blank" >https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fncel.2024.1336886/full</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2024.1336886" target="_blank" >10.3389/fncel.2024.1336886</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Out of the core: the impact of focal ischemia in regions beyond the penumbra

Original language description

The changes in the necrotic core and the penumbra following induction of focal ischemia have been the focus of attention for some time. However, evidence shows, that ischemic injury is not confined to the primarily affected structures and may influence the remote areas as well. Yet many studies fail to probe into the structures beyond the penumbra, and possibly do not even find any significant results due to their short-term design, as secondary damage occurs later. This slower reaction can be perceived as a therapeutic opportunity, in contrast to the ischemic core defined as irreversibly damaged tissue, where the window for salvation is comparatively short. The pathologies in remote structures occur relatively frequently and are clearly linked to the post-stroke neurological outcome. In order to develop efficient therapies, a deeper understanding of what exactly happens in the exo-focal regions is necessary. The mechanisms of glia contribution to the ischemic damage in core/penumbra are relatively well described and include impaired ion homeostasis, excessive cell swelling, glutamate excitotoxic mechanism, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and phagocytosis or damage propagation via astrocytic syncytia. However, little is known about glia involvement in post-ischemic processes in remote areas. In this literature review, we discuss the definitions of the terms ischemic core, penumbra and remote areas. Furthermore, we present evidence showing the array of structural and functional changes in the more remote regions from the primary site of focal ischemia, with a special focus on glia and the extracellular matrix. The collected information is compared with the processes commonly occurring in the ischemic core or in the penumbra. Moreover, the possible causes of this phenomenon and the approaches for investigation are described, and finally, we evaluate the efficacy of therapies, which have been studied for their anti-ischemic effect in remote areas in recent years.

Czech name

—

Czech description

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Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

—

OECD FORD branch

30103 - Neurosciences (including psychophysiology)

Project

—

Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2024

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

ISSN

1662-5102

e-ISSN

1662-5102

Volume of the periodical

18

Issue of the periodical within the volume

March

Country of publishing house

CH - SWITZERLAND

Number of pages

25

Pages from-to

1336886

UT code for WoS article

001186674500001

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-85188072842