An arms race between cell and retrovirus at the level of entry receptors

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F68378050%3A_____%2F23%3A00580800" target="_blank" >RIV/68378050:_____/23:00580800 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

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DOI - Digital Object Identifier

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Result language

angličtina

Original language name

An arms race between cell and retrovirus at the level of entry receptors

Original language description

Avian leukosis virus (AL V) is a closely related complex of virus strains diversified through the virus-host coevolution (virus-host arms race) into several subgroups, each of which recognizes different cell surface receptor. AL V evolved by rapid changes (either mutation or recombination) in the sequence of envelope (Env) protein, which is accompanied by virus adaptation to a new receptor, broadening the host range, and heterotransmission. On the host cell side, we observe substitutions, deletions or frameshift mutations in genes for entry receptors, which reduce or even abolish susceptibility to AL V and maintain a new round of virus adaptation. Technologies of gene editing, nowadays especially the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), have potential to simulate these processes and help in artificial creation of resistant chicken, the natural host of ALV. Receptor alleles bearing simple substitutions of critical amino-acids at the virus binding domains (e.g., the recently prepared resistance to ALV-J subgroup) usually do not interfere with physiological functions of receptors (ion exchangers, solute carriers, amino-acid transporters etc.). At the same time, such resistant alleles are good material for studying the Env mutations of the virus adapted to the new versions of receptors. In this contribution, the latest findings on the ALV subgroup diversification will be presented together with the simplified system of virus adaptation to an altered host cell entry receptor. This approach not only advances our understanding of virus-host coevolution, but is also instructive for the recent efforts to biotechnologically derive pathogen-resistant livestock.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

O - Miscellaneous

CEP classification

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OECD FORD branch

10608 - Biochemistry and molecular biology

Project

<a href="/en/project/LX22NPO5103" target="_blank" >LX22NPO5103: National Institute of Virology and Bacteriology</a><br>

Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2023

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů