Quasi-constant time gap in multiple rings of elves
The result's identifiers
Result code in IS VaVaI
<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F68378271%3A_____%2F25%3A00640192" target="_blank" >RIV/68378271:_____/25:00640192 - isvavai.cz</a>
Result on the web
<a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11104/0370722" target="_blank" >https://hdl.handle.net/11104/0370722</a>
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2025EA004321" target="_blank" >10.1029/2025EA004321</a>
Alternative languages
Result language
angličtina
Original language name
Quasi-constant time gap in multiple rings of elves
Original language description
We present evidence that the time delay between the multiple rings of elves is not caused by the ground reflection of the electromagnetic pulse produced by intracloud lightning. To investigate temporal differences of multi-elves, we analyzed data from four storms occurring at various times and distances from the Pierre Auger Observatory in Malargüe, Argentina. The Auger fluorescence detector's high temporal resolution of 100 ns enabled the frequent observation of multi-elves, accounting for approximately 23% of the events. By examining the traces of 70 double and 24 triple elves, we demonstrate that the time delay between the rings remains relatively constant regardless of the arc distance to the lightning. These results deviate from the trend expected from the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) ground reflection model, which predicts a decreasing time delay with increasing arc distance from an intracloud lightning at a given height. The first emission ring is due to a direct path of the EMP to the ionosphere, with the reflected EMP creating the second ring. Simulations conducted with this model demonstrate that short energetic in-cloud pulses can generate four-peak elves, and a temporal resolution of at least 25 μ s is required to separate them. Therefore, temporal resolution is crucial in the study of multi-elves. Our observations in the Córdoba province, central Argentina, indicate that the current understanding of the mechanism generating these phenomena may be incomplete, and further studies are needed to assess whether multi-elves are more likely related to the waveform shape of the lightning than to its altitude.
Czech name
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Czech description
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Classification
Type
J<sub>SC</sub> - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the SCOPUS database
CEP classification
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OECD FORD branch
10303 - Particles and field physics
Result continuities
Project
Result was created during the realization of more than one project. More information in the Projects tab.
Continuities
I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace
Others
Publication year
2025
Confidentiality
S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů
Data specific for result type
Name of the periodical
Earth and Space Science
ISSN
2333-5084
e-ISSN
2333-5084
Volume of the periodical
12
Issue of the periodical within the volume
10
Country of publishing house
US - UNITED STATES
Number of pages
17
Pages from-to
e2025EA004321
UT code for WoS article
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EID of the result in the Scopus database
2-s2.0-105018517109