Luminosity Measurements at the LHC at CERN Using Medipix, Timepix and Timepix3 Devices

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F68407700%3A21670%2F21%3A00352197" target="_blank" >RIV/68407700:21670/21:00352197 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/physics3030037" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.3390/physics3030037</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics3030037" target="_blank" >10.3390/physics3030037</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Luminosity Measurements at the LHC at CERN Using Medipix, Timepix and Timepix3 Devices

Original language description

The precise determination of the luminosity is essential for many analyses in physics based on the data from the particle accelerator Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. There are different types of detectors used for the luminosity measurements. The focus of this review is on luminosity measurements with hybrid-pixel detectors and the progress made over the past decade. The first generations of detectors of the Medipix and Timepix families had frame-based readout, while Timepix3 has a quasi-continuous readout. The applications of the detectors are manifold, and in particular, the detectors have been operated in the harsh environment of the LHC. The excellent performance in detecting high fluxes of elementary particles made these detectors ideal tools to measure the delivered luminosity resulting from proton-proton collisions. Important aspects of this review are the performance improvements in relative luminosity measurements from one detector generation to another, the long-term stability of the measurements, absolute luminosity measurements, material activation (radiation-induced) corrections, and the measurement of luminosity from neutron counting. Rather than bunch-average luminosity provided by previous detector generations, owing to the excellent time-resolution, Timepix3 measured the luminosity of individual proton bunches that are 25 ns apart. This review demonstrates the large progress in the precision of luminosity measurements during LHC Run-1 and Run-2 operations using hybrid-pixel detectors, and thus their importance for luminosity measurements in the future of LHC operations.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

J_ost - Miscellaneous article in a specialist periodical

CEP classification

—

OECD FORD branch

10303 - Particles and field physics

Project

—

Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2021

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Physics

ISSN

2624-8174

e-ISSN

2624-8174

Volume of the periodical

3

Issue of the periodical within the volume

3

Country of publishing house

CH - SWITZERLAND

Number of pages

76

Pages from-to

579-654

UT code for WoS article

000701160300001

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-85124941487