The tearing energy threshold of crack growth in rubber exposed to ozone: an experimental–numerical approach
The result's identifiers
Result code in IS VaVaI
<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F70883521%3A28110%2F24%3A63579879" target="_blank" >RIV/70883521:28110/24:63579879 - isvavai.cz</a>
Alternative codes found
RIV/70883521:28610/24:63579879
Result on the web
<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10704-024-00799-y" target="_blank" >https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10704-024-00799-y</a>
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10704-024-00799-y" target="_blank" >10.1007/s10704-024-00799-y</a>
Alternative languages
Result language
angličtina
Original language name
The tearing energy threshold of crack growth in rubber exposed to ozone: an experimental–numerical approach
Original language description
The global rubber industry is seeking alternatives to the widely-used antiozonant, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), due to its environmental toxicity concerns when used in automobile tires. These substantial research and development efforts on new antiozonants for rubber are hindered by a general inability to characterize the fundamental physical parameter of ozone-induced tearing energy threshold for crack growth, which underlies the practical ozone resistance of rubber products. Therefore, this paper presents, for the first time, a novel experimental–numerical combined approach to determine the tearing energy threshold in rubber exposed to ozone, which is a key criterion for assessing the resistance of rubber to ozone crack growth. The approach is based on in-situ optical analysis of ozone crack growth on the rubber surface and the determination of the crack growth rate when the rubber is stretched. Subsequently, the growth rates form the basis for calculating the energy release rates at the crack tips using the finite element method in Ansys software. By comparing the calculated energy release rates and experimentally measured crack growth rates, the energy release rate interval corresponding to the threshold tearing energy is determined. Based on this approach, the tearing energy threshold for carbon black reinforced natural rubber exposed to ozone was found to be a maximum of 2.12 J/m2. This value is 96% lower than the threshold for the non-ozone-exposed specimens. In conclusion, this novel methodology was able to determine the ozone threshold tearing energy and represents a powerful, unique tool for an efficient future development of environmentally friendly antiozonants.
Czech name
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Czech description
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Classification
Type
J<sub>imp</sub> - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database
CEP classification
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OECD FORD branch
20501 - Materials engineering
Result continuities
Project
<a href="/en/project/EF19_073%2F0016941" target="_blank" >EF19_073/0016941: Junior grants of TBU in Zlin</a><br>
Continuities
P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)
Others
Publication year
2024
Confidentiality
S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů
Data specific for result type
Name of the periodical
International Journal Of Fracture
ISSN
0376-9429
e-ISSN
1573-2673
Volume of the periodical
248
Issue of the periodical within the volume
1-3
Country of publishing house
NL - THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS
Number of pages
18
Pages from-to
49-66
UT code for WoS article
001247074100001
EID of the result in the Scopus database
2-s2.0-85195835458