Trihalomethanes in drinking water and bladder cancer burden in the European Union
The result's identifiers
Result code in IS VaVaI
<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F75010330%3A_____%2F20%3A00012980" target="_blank" >RIV/75010330:_____/20:00012980 - isvavai.cz</a>
Result on the web
<a href="https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/EHP4495" target="_blank" >https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/EHP4495</a>
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP4495" target="_blank" >10.1289/EHP4495</a>
Alternative languages
Result language
angličtina
Original language name
Trihalomethanes in drinking water and bladder cancer burden in the European Union
Original language description
BACKGROUND: Trihalomethanes (THMs) are widespread disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water and long-term exposure has been consistently associated with increased bladder cancer risk. OBJECTIVE: We assessed THM levels in drinking water in the European Union as a marker of DBP exposure and estimated the attributable burden of bladder cancer. METHODS: We collected recent annual mean THM levels in municipal drinking water in 28 European countries (EU28) from routine monitoring records. We estimated a linear exposure response function for average residential THM levels and bladder cancer by pooling data from studies included in the largest international pooled analysis published to date in order to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for bladder cancer associated with the mean THM level in each country (relative to no exposure), population-attributable fraction (PAF), and number of attributable bladder cancer cases in different scenarios using incidence rates and population from the Global Burden of Disease study of 2016. RESULTS: We obtained 2005-2018 THM data from EU26, covering 75% of the population. Data coverage and accuracy were heterogeneous among countries. The estimated population-weighted mean THM level was 11.7 mu g/L [standard deviation (SD) of 112]. The estimated bladder cancer PAF was 4.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5, 7.1] overall (range: 0-23%), accounting for 6,561 (95% CI: 3,389, 9,537) bladder cancer cases per year. Denmark and the Netherlands had the lowest PAF (0.0% each), while Cyprus (23.2%), Malta (17.9%), and Ireland (17.2%) had the highest among EU26. In the scenario where no country would exceed the current EU mean, 2,868 (95% CI: 1,522, 4,060; 43%) annual attributable bladder cancer cases could potentially be avoided. DISCUSSION: Efforts have been made to reduce THM levels in the European Union. However, assuming a causal association, current levels in certain countries still could lead to a considerable burden of bladder cancer that could potentially be avoided by optimizing water treatment, disinfection, and distribution practices, among other possible measures.
Czech name
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Czech description
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Classification
Type
J<sub>imp</sub> - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database
CEP classification
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OECD FORD branch
30304 - Public and environmental health
Result continuities
Project
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Continuities
V - Vyzkumna aktivita podporovana z jinych verejnych zdroju
Others
Publication year
2020
Confidentiality
S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů
Data specific for result type
Name of the periodical
Environmental Health Perspectives
ISSN
0091-6765
e-ISSN
1552-9924
Volume of the periodical
128
Issue of the periodical within the volume
1
Country of publishing house
US - UNITED STATES
Number of pages
14
Pages from-to
017001
UT code for WoS article
000508199700005
EID of the result in the Scopus database
2-s2.0-85077907039