Is competitive exclusion a useful new technology? – Conference invited presentation

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00027162%3A_____%2F22%3AN0000150" target="_blank" >RIV/00027162:_____/22:N0000150 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

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DOI - Digital Object Identifier

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Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Is competitive exclusion a useful new technology? – Conference invited presentation

Original language description

Gallus gallus may live for up to 20 years while broilers live for approx. 1 month and layers live for approx. 1 year. Forgetting these facts results in mistaken conclusions on what is normal. Keeping hatched chicks in a contact with adult hen results in rapid shaping of their gut, skin and respiratory tract microbiota. Understanding interactions in complex bacterial population therefore opens a space for targeted competitive exclusion of undesired bacterial species. Gallus gallus has evolved to be hatched in nests and live for up to 20 years. On the other hand, broilers in commercial production are hatched in hatcheries and live for approx. 1 month. “Long-lived” layers live for approx. 1 year. Forgetting these facts results in mistaken conclusions on what is normal, including what is normal gut microbiota. If newly hatched chicks are kept in a contact with adult hen, they acquire adult type of gut microbiota within first 5 days of their life. Consequently, they become resistant to gut pathogen such as Salmonella or Clostridium perfringens. Moreover, transfer of microbiota between hens and their offspring is not restricted to gut microbiota but includes also skin or respiratory tract microbiota. Laboratory experiments with broilers from hatcheries have led also to mistaken conclusion of another specific type of microbiota, i.e. caecal mucosal microbiota. Unlike luminal microbiota dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, mucosal microbiota of chicken caecum is dominated by Helicobacter, Mucispirillum, Desulfovibrio and Spirochaetes. Targets for competitive exclusion need not be sought only within chickens themselves but also in their environment. One of the possible targets for biological intervention might be hatcheries in which we begin to observe negative correlations between presence of particular bacterial species (Flavobacteria and Sphingobacteria) and Salmonella presence, or positive correlation with flock performance after placement at farms. Understanding interactions in complex bacterial population within chicken production therefore opens a space for targeted competitive exclusion of undesired bacterial species.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

O - Miscellaneous

CEP classification

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OECD FORD branch

40301 - Veterinary science

Project

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Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2022

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů