Effect of the route of vaccine administration with oil-based adjuvant on the level of immunization against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs

Result code in IS VaVaI

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Result on the web

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DOI - Digital Object Identifier

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Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Effect of the route of vaccine administration with oil-based adjuvant on the level of immunization against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs

Original language description

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is a specific respiratory pathogen and etiological agent of swine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious disease that causes significant global economic losses, despite the availability of commercial vaccines against the disease. Route of vaccine delivery can greatly impact the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of the vaccine. In animal health, the majority of licensed vaccines are administered by parenteral route and particularly by intramuscular (IM) injection and usually require an adjuvant in order to elicit a positive effect on improving vaccine efficacy. However, skin is the main barrier against the external threat and contains a lot of effective immune cells as Langherans cells having a crucial role in presenting antigens and inducing immune responses. Thus, transdermal (TD) or intradermal (ID) vaccination presents numerous advantages such as easier, quicker and less painful application, and could be a promising alternative method for inducing a potent immune response. In this study, we compared the efficacy of a same vaccine adjuvanted with the oil-based adjuvant Montanide™ ISA 201 VG (Seppic, France) administered by TD, ID or IM routes in swine. The immune response was evaluated with respect to the intensity of systemic and mucosal antibody formation, their isotype characterisation and rate of cell-mediated immunity. These findings were compared with the intensity of adverse local reactions and level of protection in experimental challenge. Monitoring of the local reaction at the injection site showed that ID antigen delivery with oil-based adjuvant was more reactogenic than the other routes of delivery. In terms of efficacy, TD administration were less immunogenic than the ID and IM route. The IM injection induced higher anti-App9 IgG and IgM titres. However, IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes analysis revealed a close immunological profile between IM and ID routes. The cell-mediated immunity represented by increase of the IFN-γ level in peripheral blood after in vitro restimulation with the specific antigen, was only found in the IM group at the day of challenge and two weeks after. Interestingly, the smallest gross pulmonary lesions were observed in the ID vaccinated group (3.4%) compared to the control group (39.4%) and to the TD group (27.7%). In conclusion, ID vaccine was more reactogenic and slightly less immunogenic than the IM vaccine, its protection effectiveness seemed to be superior. These results suggest that ID administration of vaccines is a promising approach. Nevertheless, from a practical point of view, ID administration of antigen with the Montanide ISA 201 VG adjuvant cannot be recommended for the commercial production of ID vaccines for pigs because of severe local reactions on the skin.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

O - Miscellaneous

CEP classification

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OECD FORD branch

40301 - Veterinary science

Project

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Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2022

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů