The Immune Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
The result's identifiers
Result code in IS VaVaI
<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00064203%3A_____%2F25%3A10487893" target="_blank" >RIV/00064203:_____/25:10487893 - isvavai.cz</a>
Alternative codes found
RIV/00216208:11110/25:10487893 RIV/00216208:11130/25:10487893
Result on the web
<a href="https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=P4WqF23YU~" target="_blank" >https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=P4WqF23YU~</a>
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000541881" target="_blank" >10.1159/000541881</a>
Alternative languages
Result language
angličtina
Original language name
The Immune Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Original language description
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignancy with significant immunosuppressive properties and limited immune activation. This immunosuppression is linked to reduced cytotoxic T cell activity, impaired antigen presentation, and elevated levels of immunosuppressive cytokines and immune checkpoint molecules. Studies demonstrate that cytotoxic CD8+ T cell infiltration correlates with improved survival, while increased regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with worse outcomes and therapeutic resistance. Th1 cells are beneficial, whereas Th17 cells, producing interleukin-17 (IL-17), contribute to tumor progression. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-1/PD-L1 and T cell immunoglobulin-3 (TIM-3) are also linked to advanced stages of PCa. Chemotherapy holds promise in converting the "cold" tumor microenvironment (TME) to a "hot" one by depleting immunosuppressive cells and enhancing tumor immunogenicity. SUMMARY: This comprehensive review examines the immune microenvironment in PCa, focusing on the intricate interactions between immune and tumor cells in the TME. It highlights how TAMs, Tregs, cytotoxic T cells, and other immune cell types contribute to tumor progression or suppression and how PCa's low immunogenicity complicates immunotherapy. KEY MESSAGES: The infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and Th1 cells correlates with better outcomes, while elevated T regs and TAMs promote tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance. TANs and natural killer (NK) cells exhibit dual roles, with higher NK cell levels linked to better prognoses. Immune checkpoint molecules like PD-1, PD-L1, and TIM-3 are associated with advanced disease. Chemotherapy can improve tumor immunogenicity by depleting T regs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, offering therapeutic promise.
Czech name
—
Czech description
—
Classification
Type
J<sub>imp</sub> - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database
CEP classification
—
OECD FORD branch
30217 - Urology and nephrology
Result continuities
Project
<a href="/en/project/NU23J-08-00031" target="_blank" >NU23J-08-00031: Combinatorial treatment strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance in soft tissue sarcomas</a><br>
Continuities
P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)
Others
Publication year
2025
Confidentiality
S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů
Data specific for result type
Name of the periodical
Oncology
ISSN
0030-2414
e-ISSN
1423-0232
Volume of the periodical
103
Issue of the periodical within the volume
6
Country of publishing house
CH - SWITZERLAND
Number of pages
25
Pages from-to
521-545
UT code for WoS article
001354555800001
EID of the result in the Scopus database
2-s2.0-85209723937