The cranial nerves

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216208%3A11130%2F20%3A10413819" target="_blank" >RIV/00216208:11130/20:10413819 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41878-6_6" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41878-6_6</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41878-6_6" target="_blank" >10.1007/978-3-030-41878-6_6</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

The cranial nerves

Original language description

With the exception of the olfactory and optic nerves, all cranial nerves enter or leave the brain stem. Three of the cranial nerves are purely sensory (I, II and VIII), five are motor (III, IV, VI, XI and XII) and the remaining nerves (V, VII, IX and X) are mixed. The olfactory nerve will be discussed in Chap. 14, the optic nerve in Chap. 8 and the cochlear nerve in Chap. 7. The nuclei of the cranial nerves are arranged in an orderly, more or less columnar fashion in the brain stem: motor nuclei, somatomotor, branchiomotor and visceromotor (parasympathetic), derived from the basal plate, are located medially, whereas sensory nuclei, somatosensory, viscerosensory and vestibulocochlear, derived from the alar plate, are found lateral to the sulcus limitans. The cranial nerves innervate structures in the head and neck as well as visceral organs in the thorax and abdomen. The cranial nerves control eye movements, mastication, vocalization, facial expression, respiration, heart rate and digestion. One or several of the cranial nerves are often involved in lesions of the brain stem, of which the location can usually be determined if the topographical anatomy of the cranial nerves and their nuclei is known. Several examples are shown in Clinical cases. Following a few notes on the development of the brain stem and congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (Sect. 6.2), the following structures will be discussed: (1) ocular motor nerves and the effects of lesions of individual ocular motor nerves (Sect. 6.3); (2) eye movements and some disorders affecting them (Sect. 6.4); (3) the trigeminal nerve and changes in the blink reflex (Sect. 6.5); (4) the facial nerve and peripheral facial nerve paralysis (Sect. 6.6); (5) the gustatory system (Sect. 6.7); (6) the vestibulocochlear nerve, vestibular control and some peripheral and central vestibular syndromes (Sect. 6.8); and (7) the last four cranial nerves and some disorders affecting them (Sects. 6.9 and 6.10). The English terms of the Terminologia Neuroanatomica are used throughout.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

C - Chapter in a specialist book

CEP classification

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OECD FORD branch

30103 - Neurosciences (including psychophysiology)

Project

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Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2020

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Book/collection name

Clinical Neuroanatomy: Brain Circuitry and Its Disorders

ISBN

978-3-030-41877-9

Number of pages of the result

64

Pages from-to

309-372

Number of pages of the book

981

Publisher name

Springer International Publishing

Place of publication

Cham

UT code for WoS chapter

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