Muscle Amino Acid and Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism during Exercise and in Liver Cirrhosis: Speculations on How to Reduce the Harmful Effects of Ammonia

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216208%3A11150%2F22%3A10448699" target="_blank" >RIV/00216208:11150/22:10448699 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=_qjNPjmKPK" target="_blank" >https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=_qjNPjmKPK</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100971" target="_blank" >10.3390/metabo12100971</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Muscle Amino Acid and Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism during Exercise and in Liver Cirrhosis: Speculations on How to Reduce the Harmful Effects of Ammonia

Original language description

Studies from the last decades indicate that increased levels of ammonia contribute to muscle wasting in critically ill patients. The aim of the article is to examine the effects of two different causes of hyperammonemia-increased ATP degradation in muscles during strenuous exercise and impaired ammonia detoxification to urea due to liver cirrhosis. During exercise, glycolysis, citric acid cycle (CAC) activity, and ATP synthesis in muscles increase. In cirrhosis, due to insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction, glycolysis, CAC activity, and ATP synthesis in muscles are impaired. Both during exercise and in liver cirrhosis, there is increased ammonia detoxification to glutamine (Glu + NH3 + ATP RIGHTWARDS ARROW Gln + ADP + Pi), increased drain of ketoglutarate (α-KG) from CAC for glutamate synthesis by α-KG-linked aminotransferases, glutamate, aspartate, and α-KG deficiency, increased oxidation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA; valine, leucine, and isoleucine), and protein-energy wasting in muscles. It is concluded that ammonia can contribute to muscle wasting regardless of the cause of its increased levels and that similar strategies can be designed to increase muscle performance in athletes and reduce muscle loss in patients with hyperammonemia. The pros and cons of glutamate, α-KG, aspartate, BCAA, and branched-chain keto acid supplementation are discussed.

Czech name

—

Czech description

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Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

—

OECD FORD branch

30202 - Endocrinology and metabolism (including diabetes, hormones)

Project

—

Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2022

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Metabolites

ISSN

2218-1989

e-ISSN

2218-1989

Volume of the periodical

12

Issue of the periodical within the volume

971

Country of publishing house

CH - SWITZERLAND

Number of pages

18

Pages from-to

1-18

UT code for WoS article

000873013800001

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-85140714021