Amitochondriate Protists (Diplomonads, Parabasalids and Oxymonads)

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216208%3A11310%2F19%3A10403414" target="_blank" >RIV/00216208:11310/19:10403414 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.20888-1" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.20888-1</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.20888-1" target="_blank" >10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.20888-1</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Amitochondriate Protists (Diplomonads, Parabasalids and Oxymonads)

Original language description

There are several distinct groups of anaerobic eukaryotes that lack canonical mitochondria, and live in oxygen-poor habitats. The most diverse of these groups is the taxon Metamonada, which includes diplomonads, parabasalids, oxymonads, and their relatives. Almost all of these organisms are unicellular flagellates, and most described species are intestinal commensals or parasites, although there are some free-living forms as well. Most diplomonads (Diplomonadida) have a characteristic doubled organization, with two nuclei and two flagellar apparatuses per cell. Parabasalids (Parabasalia) range from small cells with a few flagella to very large (0.5 mm) multiflagellated cells. Oxymonads are small-to-large cells (~10-200 µm), some of which attach to the gut wall of their hosts. Almost all larger oxymonads and parabasalids are symbionts of the hindguts of wood-eating insects, especially termites, and many assist in cellulose digestion. Some diplomonads and small parabasalids are parasitic. The best known of these are Giardia intestinalis, a diplomonad that causes a very common diarrheal disease in humans, and Trichomonas vaginalis, a parabasalid that causes urogenital trichomoniasis, the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection of humans. Other species cause serious diseases in domestic animals. Most metamonads, including parabasalids and diplomonads, have organelles that share a common ancestry with mitochondria, but differ biochemically. The parabasalid organelle is a hydrogenosome that generates ATP anaerobically with hydrogen gas as one of its waste products. Giardia has mitosomes, which do not produce ATP but retain the mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster (ISc) assembly machinery. By contrast, the oxymonad Monocercomonoides is the only living eukaryote shown to have completely dispensed with the mitochondrial organelle.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

C - Chapter in a specialist book

CEP classification

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OECD FORD branch

10606 - Microbiology

Project

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Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2019

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Book/collection name

Encyclopedia of Microbiology

ISBN

978-0-12-811736-1

Number of pages of the result

13

Pages from-to

86-98

Number of pages of the book

3199

Publisher name

Academic Press

Place of publication

Massachusetts

UT code for WoS chapter

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