Iron ore to lodestone: With lightning assist
The result's identifiers
Result code in IS VaVaI
<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216208%3A11310%2F23%3A10473522" target="_blank" >RIV/00216208:11310/23:10473522 - isvavai.cz</a>
Result on the web
<a href="https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=ix42fyZf1N" target="_blank" >https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=ix42fyZf1N</a>
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2023.105225" target="_blank" >10.1016/j.jappgeo.2023.105225</a>
Alternative languages
Result language
angličtina
Original language name
Iron ore to lodestone: With lightning assist
Original language description
A lodestone is a piece of magnetite or titanomagnetite iron ore having an extremely intense remanent magnetization; it is nature's only permanent magnet. This magnetization intensity is larger than could be acquired in any iron ore by any known natural mechanism through exposure to just the Earth's magnetic field. This is revealed by the large ratio (REM) of the measured (NRM) - natural remanence, to the (SIRM) - saturation remanence. We describe new details of the mechanism by which part of an iron ore body becomes a lodestone: Exposure to lightning bolt related electric discharge's magnetic fields is required. While the lightning bolt related magnetic fields are necessary, they are not sufficient for creation of a lodestone. We show that the iron ore must be previously magnetically "hardened" into what we term a "latent lodestone iron ore" condition before the transformation to lodestone can be achieved. A magnetic hardness continuum (characterized with magnetic hysteresis loop parameters) for a range of magnetite and titanomagnetite iron ores demonstrates how the hardening is created by alteration; in magnetite through oxidation scenarios and in titanomagnetite by solid state exsolution and oxidation. Large REM (evidence of lightning), the *Polarity signature (which we identify with iron powder patterns) reflecting the large REM, and the location on the magnetic hardness continuum (latent lodestone state resulting in largest possible magnetization), provides important details to the lodestone story.
Czech name
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Czech description
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Classification
Type
J<sub>imp</sub> - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database
CEP classification
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OECD FORD branch
10505 - Geology
Result continuities
Project
<a href="/en/project/GA23-06075S" target="_blank" >GA23-06075S: Environmental changes caused by extraterrestrial impacts and volcanism: Evidence from lake sediments</a><br>
Continuities
P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)
Others
Publication year
2023
Confidentiality
S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů
Data specific for result type
Name of the periodical
Journal of Applied Geophysics
ISSN
0926-9851
e-ISSN
1879-1859
Volume of the periodical
219
Issue of the periodical within the volume
December
Country of publishing house
NL - THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS
Number of pages
11
Pages from-to
105225
UT code for WoS article
001110938500001
EID of the result in the Scopus database
2-s2.0-85175840456