Charge as a Topological Property in Three-Dimensional Time
The result's identifiers
Result code in IS VaVaI
<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216208%3A11310%2F25%3A10499738" target="_blank" >RIV/00216208:11310/25:10499738 - isvavai.cz</a>
Result on the web
<a href="https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=zm.cWNenJ4" target="_blank" >https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=zm.cWNenJ4</a>
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S2424942425500070" target="_blank" >10.1142/S2424942425500070</a>
Alternative languages
Result language
angličtina
Original language name
Charge as a Topological Property in Three-Dimensional Time
Original language description
This paper presents electric charge as a topological property emerging naturally from the three-dimensional temporal structure previously established. We propose that charge represents a "temporal winding number" quantifying how field configurations twist within temporal space. Through mathematical formulation, we show that charge quantization, fractional values and conservation laws may arise from topological constraints in the temporal manifold. The U(1) symmetry responsible for electromagnetic interactions is shown to be a possible consequence of temporal rotational invariance, with the elementary charge appearing as a topological invariant. Most significantly, our approach suggests why particles across three generations maintain identical charges despite different masses - charge depends on topological winding numbers while mass depends on eigenvalues of the temporal wave equation. The charge density formula, involving third-order derivatives of the temporal scalar potential, reveals why charge seems to appear at points of maximal temporal curvature. This approach unifies the origin of charge through the underlying possible temporal structure, providing a more coherent and explanatory base for fundamental physics.
Czech name
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Czech description
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Classification
Type
J<sub>ost</sub> - Miscellaneous article in a specialist periodical
CEP classification
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OECD FORD branch
10505 - Geology
Result continuities
Project
Result was created during the realization of more than one project. More information in the Projects tab.
Continuities
P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)
Others
Publication year
2025
Confidentiality
S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů
Data specific for result type
Name of the periodical
Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences
ISSN
2424-9424
e-ISSN
2529-752X
Volume of the periodical
9
Issue of the periodical within the volume
June
Country of publishing house
SG - SINGAPORE
Number of pages
12
Pages from-to
2550007
UT code for WoS article
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EID of the result in the Scopus database
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