Early Rate of Force Development and Maximal Strength at Different Positions of the Athletic Shoulder Test in Baseball Players
The result's identifiers
Result code in IS VaVaI
<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216208%3A11510%2F25%3A10505979" target="_blank" >RIV/00216208:11510/25:10505979 - isvavai.cz</a>
Result on the web
<a href="https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=tIDQQNS3jt" target="_blank" >https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=tIDQQNS3jt</a>
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports13090300" target="_blank" >10.3390/sports13090300</a>
Alternative languages
Result language
angličtina
Original language name
Early Rate of Force Development and Maximal Strength at Different Positions of the Athletic Shoulder Test in Baseball Players
Original language description
Background/Objectives: Peak force (PF) reflects maximal strength, while early rate of force development (RFD; 0-100 ms) indicates explosive neuromuscular output. The Athletic Shoulder (ASH) test is gaining popularity in overhead athlete profiling, but its use for assessing explosive strength in various shoulder positions is underexplored. This study compared PF and RFD at shoulder abductions of 180 degrees (ASH-I), 135 degrees (ASH-Y), and 90 degrees (ASH-T) in baseball players. Methods: Seventeen male athletes (age 22.7 +/- 4.2 years; height 186.3 +/- 7.3 cm; body mass 83.9 +/- 10.1 kg) performed isometric ASH tests with the dominant arm. PF, PF relative to body mass (PF/BM), and early RFD were analysed. Results: ASH I showed 25% significantly higher PF (182 +/- 41 N), PF/BM (2.15 +/- 0.39 N/kg), and 40% higher RFD (545 N/s) than ASH Y or T (all p < 0.001), which did not differ significantly. PF showed excellent reliability (ICC = 0.86-0.93); RFD showed moderate-to-good reliability (ICC = 0.75-0.81). Smallest worthwhile changes were similar to 5% for PF and similar to 15% for RFD. Conclusions: Maximal isometric shoulder strength and explosiveness were highest at 180 degrees abduction in baseball athletes, with no significant difference between 135 degrees and 90 degrees. PF demonstrated excellent reliability, while early RFD showed moderate to good reliability and higher variability, highlighting the need for repeated measures. These findings provide specific position reference values and support the inclusion of multiple abduction angles in shoulder strength assessment to detect neuromuscular deficits and monitor training adaptations in baseball athletes.
Czech name
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Czech description
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Classification
Type
J<sub>imp</sub> - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database
CEP classification
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OECD FORD branch
30306 - Sport and fitness sciences
Result continuities
Project
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Continuities
I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace
Others
Publication year
2025
Confidentiality
S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů
Data specific for result type
Name of the periodical
Sports
ISSN
2075-4663
e-ISSN
2075-4663
Volume of the periodical
13
Issue of the periodical within the volume
9
Country of publishing house
CH - SWITZERLAND
Number of pages
14
Pages from-to
300
UT code for WoS article
001582202800001
EID of the result in the Scopus database
2-s2.0-105017306877