The Profile and Development of the Lower Limb in Setswana-Speaking Children between the Ages of 2 and 9 Years

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216224%3A14510%2F20%3A00115920" target="_blank" >RIV/00216224:14510/20:00115920 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/9/3245" target="_blank" >https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/9/3245</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093245" target="_blank" >10.3390/ijerph17093245</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

The Profile and Development of the Lower Limb in Setswana-Speaking Children between the Ages of 2 and 9 Years

Original language description

Profile data on normal lower limb development and specifically tibiofemoral angle development in black, Setswana-speaking South African children are lacking. This study aimed to provide profiles on the development of the tibiofemoral angle, hip anteversion angle and tibial torsion angles in two- to nine-year-old children. Measurements of the tibiofemoral angle, intercondylar distances or intermalleolar distances, quadriceps-angle, hip anteversion- and tibial torsion angle were clinically obtained from 691 healthy two- to nine-year-old children. Two-year-old children presented with closest to genu varum at -3.4 degrees (+/- 3.4 degrees). At three years, a peak of -5.7 degrees (+/- 2.3 degrees) genu valgum was seen, which plateaued at -4.5 degrees (+/- 2.1 degrees) at age nine years. Intermalleolar distance results support tibiofemoral angle observations. Small quadricep-angles were observed in the two-year-old group, (-3.81 degrees +/- 3.77 degrees), which increased to a mean peak of -9.2 degrees (+/- 4.4 degrees) in nine-year-olds. From the age of four years old, children presented with neutral tibial torsion angles, whilst two- and three-year-olds presented with internal tibial torsion angles. Anteversion angles were the greatest in three-year-olds at 77.6 degrees +/- 13.8 degrees and decreased to a mean angle of 70.8 degrees +/- 6.9 degrees in nine-year-olds. The tibiofemoral angle developed similarly to those tested in European, Asian and Nigerian children, but anteversion- and internal tibial torsion angles were greater in the Setswana population than angles reported in European children. Our findings indicate that lower limb development differs in different environments and traditions of back-carrying may influence the development, which requires further investigation.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

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OECD FORD branch

30304 - Public and environmental health

Project

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Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2020

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

ISSN

1660-4601

e-ISSN

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Volume of the periodical

17

Issue of the periodical within the volume

9

Country of publishing house

CH - SWITZERLAND

Number of pages

15

Pages from-to

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UT code for WoS article

000535745400269

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-85084721885