Parasite microbiome project: Grand challenges

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F60076658%3A12310%2F19%3A43899730" target="_blank" >RIV/60076658:12310/19:43899730 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1008028&type=printable" target="_blank" >https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1008028&type=printable</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008028" target="_blank" >10.1371/journal.ppat.1008028</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Parasite microbiome project: Grand challenges

Original language description

The PMP consortium proposes a two-phase development, analogous to the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) [52]. Phase one will compile information on previously characterized parasite-associated microbes and parasite–microbe interactions (already partially reviewed in [15–16, 53]), mine genomic and transcriptomic databases to detect microbial sequences, and characterize the complete microbiome of a set of parasites representing diverse taxa and environments. A main focus during this phase will be on preparing a website and developing and sharing best practices, methods, and standards for effective sample management and integration of data. The PMP, in collaboration with the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC; gensc. Table 2. Representative examples of organisms for which uncovering parasite–microbe interactions is allowing major scientific advances. It is anticipated that the PMP will advance the field by facilitating similar research on diverse parasites and uncover patterns of microbial diversity and ecology that apply across phyla. Parasite Microbe(s) Significance for health, agriculture, and/or the environment References Opisthorchis viverrini Helicobacter pylori and other host gut bacteria O. viverrini often leads to cholangiocarcinoma. Co-infection with oncogenic bacteria that are vectored towards the liver by the fluke may contribute to cancer development [54–56] Trichomonas vaginalis TVV 1 through 3 Different clinical isolates of T. vaginalis show variable pathogenicity to the human host cells dependent on the TVV they carry; TVV released by dying and stressed parasites can explain why antibiotic therapy fails to prevent the inflammatory sequelae of parasitic infection [57] Trichomonas vaginalis Host vaginal microbiome Infection is detrimental to Lactobacillus and favors pathogenic bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis [58] Leishmania spp. LRV1 LRV1-infected Leishmania spp. increase severity of human leishmaniasis and lead to drug treatment failures [59, 60] Filarial nematodes Wolbachia Antibiotics, such as doxycyline and rifampicin, targeting the Wolbachia endosymbiont lead to loss of worm viability and fertility in human trials and increase antifilarial treatment efficacy [61, 62] Parasitoid wasps Polydnaviruses and RNA viruses Viruses contribute to parasitoid wasps virulence by modulating host immune response, host behavior, and feeding ability [63–65] Ticks Coxiella-like endosymbiont Symbiont codiversifies with its parasitic host and provides B vitamins missing from blood meals, enabling ticks to specialize in hematophagy [66, 67] Vibrio shiloi Symbiotic zoonxanthellae of corals V. shiloi produces toxins that target symbiotic zooxanthellae of the coral host inhibiting photosynthesis [68] Trichuris spp. Host gut microbiome The whipworm ingests bacteria from its direct environment and favors growth of mucolytic bacteria. Bacterial attachment is required for egg hatching [69–72] Digenetic trematodes including species of Nanophyetes, Echinostoma, Fasciola Neorickettsia species Endosymbiotic bacteria within cells of the trematode. These symbionts can be transferred horizontal from the trematode to mammalian host, where they are facultative pathogens [73, 74] Pseudocapillaria tormentosa Zebrafish gut microbiota Abundance of some bacteria taxa predicts helminth burden and intestinal lesions in host. Gut microbiome serves as diagnostic for parasite infection. [75] Abbreviations: LRV1, Leishmania RNA virus 1; PMP, Parasite Microbiome Project; TVV, Trichomonas vaginalis virus https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008028.t002 PLOS Pathogens | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008028 October 10, 2019 8 / 13 org), has initiated the development of a new parasite-associated package to be added to the Minimal Information about any Sequence (MIxS) standard [18]. This package will facilitate the collection, standardization, reporting, and integrated analyses of metadata to capture the parasite microbiome contextual information describing the host, environment, sample and sequencing data. We anticipate the MIxS-PMP to be available by the end of 2019. The second phase of the project will rely on the development of experimental model systems that may be employed to prove cause-effect relationships between parasite virulence, diseases, and microbiome composition, as well as to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms and the evolution of host–parasite–microbe interactions. Findings from initial microbiome characterizations during phase one and previously proposed experimental model systems [53] will guide the evaluation and selection of systems most suitable for addressing the scientific grand challenges identified herein.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

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OECD FORD branch

10606 - Microbiology

Project

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Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2019

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

PLoS Pathogens

ISSN

1553-7366

e-ISSN

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Volume of the periodical

15

Issue of the periodical within the volume

10

Country of publishing house

US - UNITED STATES

Number of pages

13

Pages from-to

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UT code for WoS article

000495437700032

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-85073121862