Extraction approaches for A-230, A-234, VX, and sarin nerve agents from surface coatings

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F60162694%3AG45__%2F26%3A00564350" target="_blank" >RIV/60162694:G45__/26:00564350 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468170925000207" target="_blank" >https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468170925000207</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2025.100658" target="_blank" >10.1016/j.forc.2025.100658</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Extraction approaches for A-230, A-234, VX, and sarin nerve agents from surface coatings

Original language description

Nerve agents are among the most hazardous chemical warfare agents (CWAs) due to their extreme toxicity. This study optimized methods for extracting CWAs (A-230, A-234, VX, and sarin) from surface coatings, a common but chemically complex matrix in urban environments. Four types of coatings (nitrocellulose, polyurethane, acrylic, and alkyd) were tested using bulk, wipe, and scrape extraction approaches with various solvents. Versatile methods were successfully developed for all four analytes across all four matrices, and recoveries were also determined for additional CWAs (soman, cyclosarin, and sulfur mustard). Bulk extraction consistently achieved the highest recoveries, while wipe extraction offered a practical alternative with slightly reduced efficiency. Scrape extraction exhibited high variability and was unsuitable for volatile compounds like sarin. The methods were evaluated using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, demonstrating robust analytical performance, including high sensitivity, precision, minimized matrix effects, and validated accuracy through spiking recoveries. Persistence studies revealed slow dissipation rates in surface coatings, underscoring their forensic potential when other matrices yield only degradation products. A-230 and A-234 were detectable in all coatings for up to 56 days, whereas sarin dissipated rapidly, especially in acrylic paint. VX remained primarily in surface layers due to its high viscosity and limited diffusion. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring extraction methods to specific matrices and agents. Coatings, with their prolonged retention of CWAs, not only provide significant forensic value but also emphasize the need for targeted decontamination strategies to mitigate environmental and human health risks.

Czech name

—

Czech description

—

Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

—

OECD FORD branch

10406 - Analytical chemistry

Project

—

Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2025

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

FORENSIC CHEMISTRY

ISSN

2468-1709

e-ISSN

2468-1709

Volume of the periodical

44

Issue of the periodical within the volume

červenec

Country of publishing house

NL - THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS

Number of pages

11

Pages from-to

100658

UT code for WoS article

001458387300001

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-105000911077