External quality assurance schemes (EQUASs) and interlaboratory comparison investigations (ICIs) for the human biomonitoring of aromatic amines in urine as part of the quality assurance programme under HBM4EU

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F60461373%3A22330%2F24%3A43930887" target="_blank" >RIV/60461373:22330/24:43930887 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2025/ay/d4ay01309c" target="_blank" >https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2025/ay/d4ay01309c</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ay01309c" target="_blank" >10.1039/d4ay01309c</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

External quality assurance schemes (EQUASs) and interlaboratory comparison investigations (ICIs) for the human biomonitoring of aromatic amines in urine as part of the quality assurance programme under HBM4EU

Original language description

Exposure to aromatic amines may occur via tobacco smoke, hair dyes or tattoo inks, but also in the workplace during certain manufacturing processes. As some aromatic amines are known or suspected carcinogens, human biomonitoring (HBM) is essential to assess their exposure. Aromatic amines were among the selected chemicals in HBM4EU, a European-wide project to harmonise and advance HBM within 30 European countries. For this purpose, the analytical comparability and accuracy of participating laboratories were assessed by a QA/QC programme comprising interlaboratory comparison investigations (ICIs) and external quality assurance schemes (EQUASs). This paper presents the evaluation process and discusses the results of three ICI/EQUAS rounds for the determination of aromatic amines in urine conducted in 2019 and 2020. The final evaluation included ten participants which analysed the following six targeted aromatic amines over three rounds: aniline, ortho-toluidine (TOL), 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA), 4,4′-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA), 2,4-diaminotoluene (2,4-TDA), and 2,6-diaminotoluene (2,6-TDA). Most participants achieved satisfactory and highly comparable results, although low quantification limits were required to quantify the parameters at the level of exposure in the general population. Hydrolysis of the sample followed by liquid-liquid extraction and subsequent analysis of the derivatised analytes by means of GC-MS/MS were preferred for the sensitive and precise determination of aromatic amines in urine. This QA/QC programme succeeded in establishing a network of laboratories with high analytical comparability and accuracy for the analysis of aromatic amines in Europe. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

—

OECD FORD branch

10406 - Analytical chemistry

Project

—

Continuities

R - Projekt Ramcoveho programu EK

Publication year

2024

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Analytical Methods

ISSN

1759-9660

e-ISSN

—

Volume of the periodical

17

Issue of the periodical within the volume

1

Country of publishing house

GB - UNITED KINGDOM

Number of pages

9

Pages from-to

193-201

UT code for WoS article

001362146000001

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-85210992349