PWM strategies for mitigating parasitic effects in LEDs, EELs, and VCSELs: experimental insights from author’s publications

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F61989592%3A15210%2F25%3A73632947" target="_blank" >RIV/61989592:15210/25:73632947 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/403118681_Calculation_of_Encircled_Energy_from_Photogoniometric_Data_and_Its_Use_for_Evaluating_the_Radiation_Pattern_of_a_Laser_Diode" target="_blank" >https://www.researchgate.net/publication/403118681_Calculation_of_Encircled_Energy_from_Photogoniometric_Data_and_Its_Use_for_Evaluating_the_Radiation_Pattern_of_a_Laser_Diode</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

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Result language

angličtina

Original language name

PWM strategies for mitigating parasitic effects in LEDs, EELs, and VCSELs: experimental insights from author’s publications

Original language description

Pulse-width modulation (PWM) has emerged as a cost-effective and widely accessible control technique forsemiconductor light sources, extending far beyond its traditional role in brightness regulation under continuouswave (CW) operation. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of PWM applicability for mitigating parasitic phenomena in selected automotive LEDs, edge-emitting lasers (EELs), and large-aperture verticalcavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). In automotive LEDs, PWM can improve color stability and reduce perceptible chromatic shifts, particularly for phosphor-converted white emitters, but this benefit is not universal across LED types. At equal average current, PWM at 1 kHz typically yields lower luminous flux and higher thermal load compared with CW driving. In EELs, PWM stabilizes spectral emission, enables wavelength tuning, and effectively suppresses thermal blooming that degrades far-field patterns under CW operation. For large-aperture VCSELs, PWM enables dynamic mode redistribution and spatial control of the far-field profile, with low-frequency driving maintaining beam stability and higher frequencies promoting Gaussian-like modal selection. This review critically summarizes the author’s research contributions in these areas. It places them within the broader context of current developments, providing strategic recommendations for PWM-based mitigation of parasitic phenomena in selected types of semiconductor light sources. Our experiments quantify light output from a technical and photometric perspective but do not evaluate human perceptual or physiological responses. Given motion- and saccade-dependent sensitivity to flicker, stroboscopic, and phantom-array artifacts that extend beyond classical fusion limits, we provide a concise, theory-based appraisal of the potential implications for human health and well-being. These constraints contextualize the engineering results and motivate future interdisciplinary validation across vision science and human factors.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

J_ost - Miscellaneous article in a specialist periodical

CEP classification

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OECD FORD branch

10306 - Optics (including laser optics and quantum optics)

Project

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Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2025

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Jemná mechanika a optika

ISSN

0447-6441

e-ISSN

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Volume of the periodical

2025

Issue of the periodical within the volume

11-12

Country of publishing house

CZ - CZECH REPUBLIC

Number of pages

10

Pages from-to

211-220

UT code for WoS article

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EID of the result in the Scopus database

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