Developmental toxicity of fluconazole and 1,2,4-triazole in Xenopus laevis

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F62157124%3A16270%2F25%3A43882862" target="_blank" >RIV/62157124:16270/25:43882862 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-30992-5" target="_blank" >https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-30992-5</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30992-5" target="_blank" >10.1038/s41598-025-30992-5</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Developmental toxicity of fluconazole and 1,2,4-triazole in Xenopus laevis

Original language description

Fluconazole (FLU) is a widely used antifungal agent frequently detected in surface waters because of its extensive use in medicine, agriculture, and personal care products.Despite concerns about its persistence and developmental toxicity in aquatic species, its effects on amphibians remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the developmental and molecular effects of FLU and its structural core, 1,2,4-triazole (TRI), in amphibian embryos. Xenopus laevis embryos were exposed to FLU or TRI and evaluated for mortality, hatching rate, heart rate, body length, malformation incidence, and changes in gene expression. Even at low micromolar concentrations, both azoles altered the expression of Wnt- and BMP-associated genes, indicating disruption of these signaling pathways. At higher micromolar concentrations, these molecular changes were accompanied by early signs of developmental abnormalities, which intensified at the highest doses. Observed phenotypes included reduced head size, altered skin pigmentation, prolonged body length, changes in heart rate, and mild digestive tract malformations. These findings demonstrate that even the core structural motif TRI can disrupt key developmental signaling pathways in vertebrate embryos, underscoring the need for closer monitoring of azole compounds in aquatic environments. Given the fundamental role of these pathways in vertebrate development, the results raise concerns about potential risks from long-term or prenatal exposure to azoles, in both environmental and clinical contexts.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

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OECD FORD branch

10700 - Other natural sciences

Project

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Continuities

S - Specificky vyzkum na vysokych skolach<br>I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2025

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Scientific Reports

ISSN

2045-2322

e-ISSN

2045-2322

Volume of the periodical

16

Issue of the periodical within the volume

1

Country of publishing house

GB - UNITED KINGDOM

Number of pages

15

Pages from-to

nestránkováno

UT code for WoS article

001660891000003

EID of the result in the Scopus database

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