Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F62690094%3A18470%2F23%3A50020602" target="_blank" >RIV/62690094:18470/23:50020602 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9" target="_blank" >https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9" target="_blank" >10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging

Original language description

A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or “good stress” and is characterized by low to mild levels of oxidants involved in the regulation of various biochemical transformations such as carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, or modulation of signal transduction pathways such as Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and other processes. Increased levels of ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result in a harmful condition termed oxidative stress (“bad stress”). Although it is widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial in origin, they share oxidative stress as a common denominator. Here we review the importance of oxidative stress and the mechanisms through which oxidative stress contributes to the pathological states of an organism. Attention is focused on the chemistry of ROS and RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), and their role in oxidative damage of DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers is also discussed. Oxidative stress contributes to the pathology of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, Down syndrome), psychiatric diseases (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, lung cancer), and aging. The concerted action of antioxidants to ameliorate the harmful effect of oxidative stress is achieved by antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), and small molecular weight antioxidants (vitamins C and E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, and others). Perhaps one of the most effective low molecular weight antioxidants is vitamin E, the first line of defense against the peroxidation of lipids. A promising approach appears to be the use of certain antioxidants (e.g. flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties that may boost cellular antioxidant systems and thus act as preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds as potential pharmaceutical interventions and sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for age-related diseases and anti-aging strategies are discussed. © 2023, The Author(s).

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

—

OECD FORD branch

30108 - Toxicology

Project

<a href="/en/project/NV19-09-00578" target="_blank" >NV19-09-00578: AGING PREVENTION – Simultaneous modulation of ABAD and mTOR signaling pathway</a><br>

Continuities

P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)

Publication year

2023

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Archives of toxicology

ISSN

0340-5761

e-ISSN

1432-0738

Volume of the periodical

97

Issue of the periodical within the volume

10

Country of publishing house

DE - GERMANY

Number of pages

76

Pages from-to

2499-2574

UT code for WoS article

001051547900001

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-85168353043