A Study on Evaluating the Impact of Collisions between Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Humans

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F68407700%3A21260%2F23%3A00379813" target="_blank" >RIV/68407700:21260/23:00379813 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

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DOI - Digital Object Identifier

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Result language

angličtina

Original language name

A Study on Evaluating the Impact of Collisions between Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Humans

Original language description

This article summarizes a study that aimed to analyse and evaluate the ground-based risks associated with small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) operations, particularly those that pose risks to the general public. Non-destructive tests were conducted to validate the currently used generalized kinetic energy (KE) relations based on objective data. The study found significant differences in observed speeds and KE between multi-rotor and fixed-wing aircraft, which were supplemented with other published data. While the currently used generalized relations between KE and mass of the sUAS are suitable for multi-rotor sUAS, fixed-wing aircraft may reach higher impact KE in case of failure. To assess repeatability and compatibility, a uniform crash test database was created from published crash tests performed with Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATD), simplified ATD, and Post-Mortem Human Surrogates, supplemented with a series of dynamic crash tests with 18 multi-copter sUASs with mass ranging from 20g to 1.3 kg. Additionally, the study evaluated the effects of UAS design and frame material characteristics. Results show that UASs under the 250 g threshold do not pose a significant risk of injury in case of an impact, even in cases of high impact velocity (15 m/s). While inherent risks are related to increased impact kinetic energy, the design plays a factor in affecting the resulting injury severity. The study applied a new approach with rigid impactor tests to the database, which showed that the ATD was able to discern the severity of the impact and the increasing loads connected to the kinetic energy. For tests with a rigid object, a significant improvement in the correspondence between the KE Human vulnerability models and automotive prediction models was observed. The study also determined the relations between the biomechanical criteria (peak head acceleration, HIC15, Nij) and KE. As a result, the proposed approach can be used to estimate the maximum transmitted energy based on a comparison between UAS and rigid impactor tests.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

O - Miscellaneous

CEP classification

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OECD FORD branch

20104 - Transport engineering

Project

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Continuities

N - Vyzkumna aktivita podporovana z neverejnych zdroju

Publication year

2023

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů