A regional comparison of children’s blood cadmium, lead, and mercury in rural, urban and industrial areas of six European countries, and China, Ecuador, and Morocco

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F75010330%3A_____%2F23%3A00014391" target="_blank" >RIV/75010330:_____/23:00014391 - isvavai.cz</a>

Alternative codes found

RIV/00216208:11120/23:43926011

Result on the web

<a href="https://ijomeh.eu/A-regional-comparison-of-children-s-blood-cadmium-lead-and-mercury-in-rural-urban,166627,0,2.html" target="_blank" >https://ijomeh.eu/A-regional-comparison-of-children-s-blood-cadmium-lead-and-mercury-in-rural-urban,166627,0,2.html</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02139" target="_blank" >10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02139</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

A regional comparison of children’s blood cadmium, lead, and mercury in rural, urban and industrial areas of six European countries, and China, Ecuador, and Morocco

Original language description

Objectives: The authors aimed to evaluate whether blood cadmium (B-Cd), lead (B-Pb) and mercury (B-Hg) in children differ regionally in 9 countries, and to identify factors correlating with exposure. Material and Methods: The authors performed a cross-sectional study of children aged 7-14 years, living in 2007-2008 in urban, rural, or potentially polluted ("hot spot") areas (ca. 50 children from each area, in total 1363 children) in 6 European and 3 non-European countries. The authors analyzed Cd, Pb, and total Hg in blood and collected information on potential determinants of exposure through questionnaires. Regional differences in exposure levels were assessed within each country. Results: Children living near industrial "hot-spots" had B-Cd 1.6 (95% CI: 1.4-1.9) times higher in the Czech Republic and 2.1 (95% CI:1.6-2.8) times higher in Poland, as compared to urban children in the same countries (geometric means [GM]: 0.13 mu g/l and 0.15 mu g/l, respectively). Correspondingly, B-Pb in the "hot spot" areas was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.6-2.1) times higher than in urban areas in Slovakia and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.9-2.7) times higher in Poland (urban GM: 19.4 mu g/l and 16.3 mu g/l, respectively). In China and Morocco, rural children had significantly lower B-Pb than urban ones (urban GM: 64 mu g/l and 71 mu g/l, respectively), suggesting urban exposure from leaded petrol, water pipes and/or coal-burning. Hg "hot spot" areas in China had B-Hg 3.1 (95% CI: 2.7-3.5) times higher, and Ecuador 1.5 (95% CI: 1.2-1.9) times higher, as compared to urban areas (urban GM: 2.45 mu g/l and 3.23 mu g/l, respectively). Besides industrial exposure, traffic correlated with B-Cd; male sex, environmental tobacco smoke, and offal consumption with B-Pb; and fish consumption and amalgam fillings with B-Hg. However, these correlations could only marginally explain regional differences. Conclusions: These mainly European results indicate that some children experience about doubled exposures to toxic elements just because of where they live. These exposures are unsafe, identifiable, and preventable and therefore call for preventive actions.

Czech name

—

Czech description

—

Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

—

OECD FORD branch

30304 - Public and environmental health

Project

—

Continuities

R - Projekt Ramcoveho programu EK

Publication year

2023

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

ISSN

1232-1087

e-ISSN

1896-494X

Volume of the periodical

36

Issue of the periodical within the volume

3

Country of publishing house

PL - POLAND

Number of pages

16

Pages from-to

349-364

UT code for WoS article

001073881900001

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-85170188858