Weather and climate and their human impacts and responses during the Thirty Years' War in central Europe

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F86652079%3A_____%2F23%3A00580436" target="_blank" >RIV/86652079:_____/23:00580436 - isvavai.cz</a>

Alternative codes found

RIV/67985939:_____/23:00580436 RIV/00216224:14310/23:00131832

Result on the web

<a href="https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/19/1863/2023/" target="_blank" >https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/19/1863/2023/</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1863-2023" target="_blank" >10.5194/cp-19-1863-2023</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Weather and climate and their human impacts and responses during the Thirty Years' War in central Europe

Original language description

The Thirty Years' War, which took place from 1618 to 1648 CE, was an armed military conflict in Europe. It resulted from the culmination of theological differences between advocates of the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches, as well as a power struggle for European political hegemony. This war brought about extensive devastation to Europe. Based on documentary evidence, this paper characterizes the climate, weather extremes, and economic and socio-political events in central Europe during that time. Natural climate forcing indicates a gradual climate deterioration during the first half of the 17th century, associated with a decrease in solar activity towards the Maunder Minimum and increased volcanic activity. The mean temperatures in central Europe from 1618 to 1648 were significantly colder than the reference period of 1961 to 1990 in winter, autumn, and annually, while precipitation and drought means did not differ significantly from the reference period. Summer temperatures, spring precipitation, and drought also exhibited significantly greater variability. As for weather extremes, particularly late winter, late spring and early autumn frosts, floods, intense rain spells, and droughts affected grain, fruit, and vine grape harvests, as well as the yields of other crops. These weather extremes contributed to various human impacts, such as food shortages (reflecting harvests and grain prices), famines, and epidemics. Ultimately, these events, along with the effects of the war, led to a decline in the population. The results obtained are discussed within the broader European context, taking into account climate, weather extremes, and socio-economic impacts.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

—

OECD FORD branch

10510 - Climatic research

Project

<a href="/en/project/EF16_019%2F0000797" target="_blank" >EF16_019/0000797: SustES - Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions</a><br>

Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2023

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Climate of the Past

ISSN

1814-9324

e-ISSN

1814-9332

Volume of the periodical

19

Issue of the periodical within the volume

9

Country of publishing house

DE - GERMANY

Number of pages

28

Pages from-to

1863-1890

UT code for WoS article

001161797100001

EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-85173261555