The same biophysical mechanism is involved in both temporal interference and direct kHz stimulation of peripheral nerves

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00159816%3A_____%2F25%3A00082233" target="_blank" >RIV/00159816:_____/25:00082233 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-64059-w#Ack1" target="_blank" >https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-64059-w#Ack1</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64059-w" target="_blank" >10.1038/s41467-025-64059-w</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

The same biophysical mechanism is involved in both temporal interference and direct kHz stimulation of peripheral nerves

Original language description

Temporal interference stimulation (TIS) is a promising noninvasive method for neurostimulation, yet its mechanism remains debated. TIS is often described as delivering low-frequency stimulation via the amplitude modulation (beat frequency) of interfering kHz carriers. However, this view overlooks known biophysical responses to kHz stimuli. Here, we test modulated (TIS) and unmodulated kHz waveforms on peripheral nerves in Locusta migratoria and in human sensory and motor pathways. We find that stimulation thresholds and strength-frequency relationships are governed by the kHz carrier itself, with minimal dependence on amplitude modulation. Across 0.5-12.5 kHz in humans and up to 100 kHz in locusts, all waveforms show overlapping excitation behavior, indicating a shared underlying mechanism. Our results support the hypothesis that suprathreshold TIS acts through kHz rectification, rather than envelope-specific effects. We further explore modulation frequency resonance, tonic vs. phasic effects, and suggest that two-electrode premodulated kHz may offer advantages over multielectrode TIS approaches.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

J_imp - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database

CEP classification

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OECD FORD branch

10620 - Other biological topics

Project

<a href="/en/project/LX22NPO5107" target="_blank" >LX22NPO5107: National institute for Neurological Research</a><br>

Continuities

P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)

Publication year

2025

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Nature Communications

ISSN

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e-ISSN

2041-1723

Volume of the periodical

16

Issue of the periodical within the volume

1

Country of publishing house

GB - UNITED KINGDOM

Number of pages

16

Pages from-to

nestránkováno

UT code for WoS article

001591591400036

EID of the result in the Scopus database

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