The same biophysical mechanism is involved in both temporal interference and direct kHz stimulation of peripheral nerves
The result's identifiers
Result code in IS VaVaI
<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F68081731%3A_____%2F25%3A00640526" target="_blank" >RIV/68081731:_____/25:00640526 - isvavai.cz</a>
Alternative codes found
RIV/00216305:26620/26:0200463
Result on the web
<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-64059-w" target="_blank" >https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-64059-w</a>
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64059-w" target="_blank" >10.1038/s41467-025-64059-w</a>
Alternative languages
Result language
angličtina
Original language name
The same biophysical mechanism is involved in both temporal interference and direct kHz stimulation of peripheral nerves
Original language description
Temporal interference stimulation (TIS) is a promising noninvasive method for neurostimulation, yet its mechanism remains debated. TIS is often described as delivering low-frequency stimulation via the amplitude modulation (beat frequency) of interfering kHz carriers. However, this view overlooks known biophysical responses to kHz stimuli. Here, we test modulated (TIS) and unmodulated kHz waveforms on peripheral nerves in Locusta migratoria and in human sensory and motor pathways. We find that stimulation thresholds and strength-frequency relationships are governed by the kHz carrier itself, with minimal dependence on amplitude modulation. Across 0.5-12.5 kHz in humans and up to 100 kHz in locusts, all waveforms show overlapping excitation behavior, indicating a shared underlying mechanism. Our results support the hypothesis that suprathreshold TIS acts through kHz rectification, rather than envelope-specific effects. We further explore modulation frequency resonance, tonic vs. phasic effects, and suggest that two-electrode premodulated kHz may offer advantages over multielectrode TIS approaches.
Czech name
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Czech description
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Classification
Type
J<sub>imp</sub> - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the Web of Science database
CEP classification
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OECD FORD branch
30103 - Neurosciences (including psychophysiology)
Result continuities
Project
<a href="/en/project/GX25-18184X" target="_blank" >GX25-18184X: Orthogonal electrical neuromodulation (ORTHOMOD)</a><br>
Continuities
I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace
Others
Publication year
2025
Confidentiality
S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů
Data specific for result type
Name of the periodical
Nature Communications
ISSN
2041-1723
e-ISSN
2041-1723
Volume of the periodical
16
Issue of the periodical within the volume
1
Country of publishing house
DE - GERMANY
Number of pages
16
Pages from-to
9006
UT code for WoS article
001591591400036
EID of the result in the Scopus database
2-s2.0-105018283557