Lay-outs and Optimization Tools of HVAC Systems for BEV Use

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F68407700%3A21220%2F25%3A00388960" target="_blank" >RIV/68407700:21220/25:00388960 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="http://fs12120.fsid.cvut.cz/articlelib/2025/4-WP06-010-R1_Optimization_of_HVAC_Z25-08.pdf" target="_blank" >http://fs12120.fsid.cvut.cz/articlelib/2025/4-WP06-010-R1_Optimization_of_HVAC_Z25-08.pdf</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

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Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Lay-outs and Optimization Tools of HVAC Systems for BEV Use

Original language description

This project focuses on assessing the potential of innovative heat pump systems in Electric Vehicles (EVs) and developing expertise in holistic simulations of EV thermal management systems, particularly in combination with drive cycle simulations. As the automotive industry transitions toward electrification, optimizing energy efficiency-especially in cold climates-remains a critical challenge. Heat pumps are increasingly integrated into EVs to reduce energy consumption for cabin heating, thereby extending vehicle range. The project involved simulating multiple heat pump layouts, all designed to perform both heating and cooling operations while extracting waste heat from the battery and electric motor to maintain optimal operating temperatures. All simulated layouts utilized indirect cooling, where the refrigerant circuit exchanges heat with a coolant circuit rather than directly cooling components. Simulations were conducted using GT-SUITE, a leading automotive system simulation software, chosen for its extensive support for HVAC and powertrain simulations and its established use by both CVUM and Škoda Auto. The powertrain model was based on a simplified Škoda ENYAQ configuration, with heat dissipation data extracted for heat pump optimization. The crew compartment was modelled using GT-SUITE’s Cabin Thermal Energy Balance template, with input data adjusted to approximate the Škoda ENYAQ’s specifications. The implementation of a two-stage expansion valve system required significant optimization, achieving a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 2.4–2.3 for heating and 1.7 for cooling. Further research is needed to address the lower-than-expected cooling COP. Additionally, the report describes plans for further collaboration with Škoda Auto and a JDK company to develop an advanced R744 HVAC system, with ongoing efforts to construct a modular testbed for comprehensive evaluation under diverse operating conditions. This work contributes to the advancement of energy-efficient thermal management solutions for EVs.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

O - Miscellaneous

CEP classification

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OECD FORD branch

20303 - Thermodynamics

Project

<a href="/en/project/TN02000054" target="_blank" >TN02000054: Božek Vehicle Engineering National Center of Competence</a><br>

Continuities

P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)

Publication year

2025

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů