Congestion Control Mechanisms in V2X Communications: From Classification to Benchmarking and Design Guidelines

Result code in IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F68407700%3A21230%2F25%3A00389650" target="_blank" >RIV/68407700:21230/25:00389650 - isvavai.cz</a>

Result on the web

<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40860-025-00262-2" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.1007/s40860-025-00262-2</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40860-025-00262-2" target="_blank" >10.1007/s40860-025-00262-2</a>

Result language

angličtina

Original language name

Congestion Control Mechanisms in V2X Communications: From Classification to Benchmarking and Design Guidelines

Original language description

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications enable vehicles to exchange real-time information with other vehicles, infrastructure, pedestrians, and networks, playing a critical role in enhancing traffic safety, efficiency, and cooperative perception. As V2X deployments grow in density and complexity, congestion in shared wireless channels becomes a significant challenge, threatening the timely delivery of safety-critical messages. Although extensive research has explored congestion control mechanisms for V2X networks, existing surveys are fragmented, relying on inconsistent traffic models, evaluation metrics, and deployment assumptions, thereby impeding meaningful comparisons and comprehensive design insights. This review addresses this gap by providing a unified, systematic analysis of state-of-the-art congestion control mechanisms in V2X communications. The primary contributions of this paper are a comprehensive review and classification of congestion control strategies based on protocol layers, congestion detection and avoidance methods, decision-making architectures, and adaptability factors. It further presents a comparative analysis of existing mechanisms against key performance metrics and introduces a unified benchmarking framework alongside concrete design guidelines for future V2X congestion control development. A rigorous systematic literature review was conducted by applying clear inclusion and exclusion criteria to 35 peer-reviewed studies published from 2016 to 2025. The findings reveal that hybrid, cross-layer, and AI-driven congestion control mechanisms consistently outperform traditional rule-based methods in achieving scalability, fairness, and low latency, underscoring their suitability for next-generation V2X systems.

Czech name

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Czech description

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Type

J_SC - Article in a specialist periodical, which is included in the SCOPUS database

CEP classification

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OECD FORD branch

10201 - Computer sciences, information science, bioinformathics (hardware development to be 2.2, social aspect to be 5.8)

Project

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Continuities

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Publication year

2025

Confidentiality

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Name of the periodical

Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments

ISSN

2199-4668

e-ISSN

2199-4676

Volume of the periodical

11

Issue of the periodical within the volume

4

Country of publishing house

DE - GERMANY

Number of pages

30

Pages from-to

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UT code for WoS article

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EID of the result in the Scopus database

2-s2.0-105024068632