The availability of macro and micronutrients under increasing N fertilization in a long-term field experiment

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00027006%3A_____%2F18%3A00004633" target="_blank" >RIV/00027006:_____/18:00004633 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

—

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

—

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

The availability of macro and micronutrients under increasing N fertilization in a long-term field experiment

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Nitrogen fertilization, as well as the use of other nutrients (P, K, micronutrients), is decisive for correct plant nutrition and adequate crop yields. Long-term field experiments provide one of the means for measuring different management systems in agriculture as they contribute to a better understanding of the effects of soil fertilization on nutrient availability and crop yields. The research was aimed at evaluating the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the availability of nutrients in soils from a long-term field experiment established in 1984 at two experimental sites with different pedo-climatic conditions in the Czech Republic. The site Ivanovice is situated in the Moravian lowland with a mean annual temperature of 9.4°C, annual precipitation of 558 mm and a more fertile soil (degraded chernozem). The site at Lukavec is situated in the Bohemian-Moravian highlands, with a mean annual temperature 8.7°C, annual precipitation 633 mm and a less fertile soil (cambisol). The crop rotation consists of root crops (potatoes or sugar beet), winter wheat and spring barley. The field experiment consists of three basic systems of fertilization: mineral, farmyard manure (FYM) or straw, and four different applied doses of mineral nitrogen given to each of the basic fertilization systems in doses of 0 - 40 - 80 -120 -160 kg N ha-1. Phosphorus and potassium is given to each treatment (with the exception of the unfertilized control) in annual doses of 43 kg P ha-1 and 83 kg K ha-1. In 2017 (after 33 years of the experiment), the nutrient content in soils was determined by two tests – Mehlich 3 and NH4 acetate in all treatments. In all, 8 elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, and Mn) are discussed. Generally, nutrient contents (K, Mg, P, S, and B) increased in soils under the FYM treatments in comparison with mineral and straw fertilization. As might be expected, the level of nitrogen fertilization increased the average yields during the experiment; however, the mineralization processes induced by the nitrogen supply also led to a decrease of soil pH of about 0.3-0.45 (Lukavec: from pH 6.7 down to 6.4; Ivanovice: pH 7.25 to 6.8). Both factors affected the nutrient and micronutrient availability in the soils. Differences in nutrient contents depending on the soil type at each experimental site were noted. At Lukavec, the contents of Ca, K, Mg, P and B decreased with increasing N dose by about 39%, 25%, 11%, 15% and 29%, respectively. The nutrient contents at Ivanovice showed a quite different trend: a clear decrease in nutrient contents was noted for Ca (10%) and B (32%), whereas for K (22%), Mg (31%) and P (10%) an increase was observed. The content of S, due to its presence in the soil as SO42-, increased proportionally with N dosage at both experimental sites (40% at Lukavec and 150% at Ivanovice). Furthermore, the soil test used can show different results, as different trends were observed in Cu and Mn soil contents: the results of Mehlich 3 showed a decrease of Cu and Mn contents in soils following N treatments, whereas an increase of contents of both elements was noted by the test using NH4 acetate extracting the exchangeable element fractions. Considering all the results obtained, nitrogen fertilization in the presented long-term field experiment has been shown to be the important factor affecting the nutrient content of agricultural soils. Optimized soil fertilization should lead to harmonised plant nutrition and this is important and necessary for adequate crop yields and plant health.

Název v anglickém jazyce

The availability of macro and micronutrients under increasing N fertilization in a long-term field experiment

Popis výsledku anglicky

Nitrogen fertilization, as well as the use of other nutrients (P, K, micronutrients), is decisive for correct plant nutrition and adequate crop yields. Long-term field experiments provide one of the means for measuring different management systems in agriculture as they contribute to a better understanding of the effects of soil fertilization on nutrient availability and crop yields. The research was aimed at evaluating the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the availability of nutrients in soils from a long-term field experiment established in 1984 at two experimental sites with different pedo-climatic conditions in the Czech Republic. The site Ivanovice is situated in the Moravian lowland with a mean annual temperature of 9.4°C, annual precipitation of 558 mm and a more fertile soil (degraded chernozem). The site at Lukavec is situated in the Bohemian-Moravian highlands, with a mean annual temperature 8.7°C, annual precipitation 633 mm and a less fertile soil (cambisol). The crop rotation consists of root crops (potatoes or sugar beet), winter wheat and spring barley. The field experiment consists of three basic systems of fertilization: mineral, farmyard manure (FYM) or straw, and four different applied doses of mineral nitrogen given to each of the basic fertilization systems in doses of 0 - 40 - 80 -120 -160 kg N ha-1. Phosphorus and potassium is given to each treatment (with the exception of the unfertilized control) in annual doses of 43 kg P ha-1 and 83 kg K ha-1. In 2017 (after 33 years of the experiment), the nutrient content in soils was determined by two tests – Mehlich 3 and NH4 acetate in all treatments. In all, 8 elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, and Mn) are discussed. Generally, nutrient contents (K, Mg, P, S, and B) increased in soils under the FYM treatments in comparison with mineral and straw fertilization. As might be expected, the level of nitrogen fertilization increased the average yields during the experiment; however, the mineralization processes induced by the nitrogen supply also led to a decrease of soil pH of about 0.3-0.45 (Lukavec: from pH 6.7 down to 6.4; Ivanovice: pH 7.25 to 6.8). Both factors affected the nutrient and micronutrient availability in the soils. Differences in nutrient contents depending on the soil type at each experimental site were noted. At Lukavec, the contents of Ca, K, Mg, P and B decreased with increasing N dose by about 39%, 25%, 11%, 15% and 29%, respectively. The nutrient contents at Ivanovice showed a quite different trend: a clear decrease in nutrient contents was noted for Ca (10%) and B (32%), whereas for K (22%), Mg (31%) and P (10%) an increase was observed. The content of S, due to its presence in the soil as SO42-, increased proportionally with N dosage at both experimental sites (40% at Lukavec and 150% at Ivanovice). Furthermore, the soil test used can show different results, as different trends were observed in Cu and Mn soil contents: the results of Mehlich 3 showed a decrease of Cu and Mn contents in soils following N treatments, whereas an increase of contents of both elements was noted by the test using NH4 acetate extracting the exchangeable element fractions. Considering all the results obtained, nitrogen fertilization in the presented long-term field experiment has been shown to be the important factor affecting the nutrient content of agricultural soils. Optimized soil fertilization should lead to harmonised plant nutrition and this is important and necessary for adequate crop yields and plant health.

Druh

O - Ostatní výsledky

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

40106 - Agronomy, plant breeding and plant protection; (Agricultural biotechnology to be 4.4)

Projekt

<a href="/cs/project/QJ1530171" target="_blank" >QJ1530171: Rozšíření využitelnosti a aktualizace kategorií pro stanovení obsahu přístupných makro a mikroživin v půdě v rámci zajištění trvale udržitelné úrodnosti a produkční schopnosti zemědělských půd</a><br>

Návaznosti

P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)

Rok uplatnění

2018

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů