Life Tables as a tool for studying population development of aphids

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00027006%3A_____%2F18%3A00004753" target="_blank" >RIV/00027006:_____/18:00004753 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

—

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

—

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Life Tables as a tool for studying population development of aphids

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

One of the most dangerous pests on wheat, Triticum aestivum Linnaeus, are aphids (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae). Damage on wheat can be caused directly, by nutrition drain, or indirectly by acting as vectors for virus transmission. In central Europe, there are three species causing substantial damages (Sitobion avenae (Fabricius, 1775), Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus, 1758) and Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker, 1849)) sucking on leaved and developing ears. As these small insects have parthenogenetic reproduction, thus very short generation time, their population may grow in size rapidly when the conditions are suitable. We use the cereal aphid Metopolophium dirhodum and wheat Triticum aestivum as the herbivore-plant system for investigating which biotic as well as abiotic factors influence the population development of cereal aphids. M. dirhodum is a polyphagous aphid species that occurs abundantly on all cereal crops in Central Europe and is very easy to rear in laboratory cultures. Viviparous wingless or winged females are 2-3 mm long and develop through four larval instars, and infests only leaves of the host plants. We used a laboratory strain of M. dirhodum that had been maintained for 17 years in the Crop Research Institute, Prague. In our studies, we used the concept of age-stage, two-sex life tables, which describe the population structure (demography) and how it changes over time. The age-stage, two-sex life tables consider both sexes and the variable developmental rate among individuals and can properly describe the development, stage differentiation, survival, and the reproduction of the population. The raw data of the individual insects (the survivorship, longevity, and female daily fecundity) are analysed using the computer program TWOSEX-MSChart. The bootstrap technique (100.000 replications) are used to estimate the means, variances, and standard errors of the population parameters. A paired bootstrap test was used to compare the differences among treatments. The population growth of M. dirhodum was projected for each treatment based on the life table data using the program TIMING-MSChart. This approach has been successfully used for the assessment of the sub-lethal effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on the population parameters of our aphid. In the next study, the duration of development and then also all major population parameters are greatly affected by temperature. Using the approach described above we are able to predict how the population of cereal aphids will grow under the given conditions.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Life Tables as a tool for studying population development of aphids

Popis výsledku anglicky

One of the most dangerous pests on wheat, Triticum aestivum Linnaeus, are aphids (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae). Damage on wheat can be caused directly, by nutrition drain, or indirectly by acting as vectors for virus transmission. In central Europe, there are three species causing substantial damages (Sitobion avenae (Fabricius, 1775), Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus, 1758) and Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker, 1849)) sucking on leaved and developing ears. As these small insects have parthenogenetic reproduction, thus very short generation time, their population may grow in size rapidly when the conditions are suitable. We use the cereal aphid Metopolophium dirhodum and wheat Triticum aestivum as the herbivore-plant system for investigating which biotic as well as abiotic factors influence the population development of cereal aphids. M. dirhodum is a polyphagous aphid species that occurs abundantly on all cereal crops in Central Europe and is very easy to rear in laboratory cultures. Viviparous wingless or winged females are 2-3 mm long and develop through four larval instars, and infests only leaves of the host plants. We used a laboratory strain of M. dirhodum that had been maintained for 17 years in the Crop Research Institute, Prague. In our studies, we used the concept of age-stage, two-sex life tables, which describe the population structure (demography) and how it changes over time. The age-stage, two-sex life tables consider both sexes and the variable developmental rate among individuals and can properly describe the development, stage differentiation, survival, and the reproduction of the population. The raw data of the individual insects (the survivorship, longevity, and female daily fecundity) are analysed using the computer program TWOSEX-MSChart. The bootstrap technique (100.000 replications) are used to estimate the means, variances, and standard errors of the population parameters. A paired bootstrap test was used to compare the differences among treatments. The population growth of M. dirhodum was projected for each treatment based on the life table data using the program TIMING-MSChart. This approach has been successfully used for the assessment of the sub-lethal effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on the population parameters of our aphid. In the next study, the duration of development and then also all major population parameters are greatly affected by temperature. Using the approach described above we are able to predict how the population of cereal aphids will grow under the given conditions.

Druh

O - Ostatní výsledky

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

40106 - Agronomy, plant breeding and plant protection; (Agricultural biotechnology to be 4.4)

Projekt

<a href="/cs/project/GC18-13174J" target="_blank" >GC18-13174J: Odpověď herbivora a rostliny na stres suchem – kombinace analýzy proteomu pšenice a demografie mšic</a><br>

Návaznosti

P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)

Rok uplatnění

2018

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů