Modeling airbursts by comets, asteroids, and nuclear detonations: shock metamorphism, meltglass, and microspherules

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216208%3A11310%2F24%3A10492339" target="_blank" >RIV/00216208:11310/24:10492339 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=2HMJxK48Qe" target="_blank" >https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=2HMJxK48Qe</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14293/ACI.2024.0004" target="_blank" >10.14293/ACI.2024.0004</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Modeling airbursts by comets, asteroids, and nuclear detonations: shock metamorphism, meltglass, and microspherules

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Asteroid and comet impacts can produce a wide range of effects, varying from large crater-forming events to high-altitude, non-destructive airbursts. Numerous studies have used computer hydrocode to model airbursts, primarily focusing on high-altitude events with limited surface effects. Few have modeled so-called &quot;touch-down&quot; events when an airburst occurs at an altitude of less than ~1000 m, and no known studies have simultaneously modeled changes in airburst pressures, temperatures, shockwave speeds, visible materials, and bulk material failure for such events. This study used the hydrocode software Autodyn-2D to investigate these interrelated variables. Four airburst scenarios are modeled: the Trinity nuclear airburst in New Mexico (1945), an 80-m asteroid, a 100-m comet, and a 140-m comet. Our investigation reveals that touch-down airbursts can demolish buildings and cause extensive ground-surface damage. The modeling also indicates that contrary to prevailing views, low-altitude touch-down airbursts can produce shock metamorphism when the airburst shockwave or fragments strike Earth&apos;s surface at sufficiently high velocities, pressures, and temperatures. These conditions can also produce microspherules, meltglass, and shallow impact craters. Regardless of modeling uncertainties, it is known that bolides can burst just above the Earth&apos;s surface, causing significant damage that is detectable in the geologic record. These results have important implications for using shocked quartz and melted materials to identify past touch-down airbursts in the absence of a typical impact crater. Although relatively rare, touch-down events are more common than large crater-forming events and are potentially more dangerous.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Modeling airbursts by comets, asteroids, and nuclear detonations: shock metamorphism, meltglass, and microspherules

Popis výsledku anglicky

Asteroid and comet impacts can produce a wide range of effects, varying from large crater-forming events to high-altitude, non-destructive airbursts. Numerous studies have used computer hydrocode to model airbursts, primarily focusing on high-altitude events with limited surface effects. Few have modeled so-called &quot;touch-down&quot; events when an airburst occurs at an altitude of less than ~1000 m, and no known studies have simultaneously modeled changes in airburst pressures, temperatures, shockwave speeds, visible materials, and bulk material failure for such events. This study used the hydrocode software Autodyn-2D to investigate these interrelated variables. Four airburst scenarios are modeled: the Trinity nuclear airburst in New Mexico (1945), an 80-m asteroid, a 100-m comet, and a 140-m comet. Our investigation reveals that touch-down airbursts can demolish buildings and cause extensive ground-surface damage. The modeling also indicates that contrary to prevailing views, low-altitude touch-down airbursts can produce shock metamorphism when the airburst shockwave or fragments strike Earth&apos;s surface at sufficiently high velocities, pressures, and temperatures. These conditions can also produce microspherules, meltglass, and shallow impact craters. Regardless of modeling uncertainties, it is known that bolides can burst just above the Earth&apos;s surface, causing significant damage that is detectable in the geologic record. These results have important implications for using shocked quartz and melted materials to identify past touch-down airbursts in the absence of a typical impact crater. Although relatively rare, touch-down events are more common than large crater-forming events and are potentially more dangerous.

Druh

J_ost - Ostatní články v recenzovaných periodicích

CEP obor

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OECD FORD obor

10505 - Geology

Projekt

<a href="/cs/project/GA23-06075S" target="_blank" >GA23-06075S: Environmentální změny způsobené extraterestrickými impakty a vulkanismem: Doklady v jezerních sedimentech</a><br>

Návaznosti

P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)

Rok uplatnění

2024

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Airbursts and Cratering Impacts

ISSN

2941-9085

e-ISSN

2941-9085

Svazek periodika

2

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

1

Stát vydavatele periodika

DE - Spolková republika Německo

Počet stran výsledku

30

Strana od-do

1-30

Kód UT WoS článku

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EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

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