The Evolutionary Roots of Familial Altruism: Paternity Uncertainty Shapes Patterns of Kindness

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216208%3A11310%2F25%3A10499782" target="_blank" >RIV/00216208:11310/25:10499782 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=Is2-vjnN50" target="_blank" >https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=Is2-vjnN50</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14747049251357493" target="_blank" >10.1177/14747049251357493</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

The Evolutionary Roots of Familial Altruism: Paternity Uncertainty Shapes Patterns of Kindness

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

We investigated how paternity uncertainty (PU) shapes perceptions of familial kindness. We predicted that relatives with lower PU would be rated as kinder than those with higher PU. A total of 9,128 participants rated the kindness of specific relatives in their families. Main analyses focused on parents and maternal/paternal grandparents, who differ in their typical levels of PU. Siblings were included for broader within-family comparisons, while step-relatives, all having identical (maximal) PU, served as negative controls. Controlling for sex, age, and random effects of raters and targets, results supported PU predictions: PU showed a negative correlation with rated kindness (beta = -0.148, t((31,910)) = -6.23, p &lt; 0.001, with the full model (including PU) significantly outperforming a reduced model (chi(2)((2)) = 42.84, p &lt; 0.001). Post-hoc tests revealed significant differences between adjacent PU levels (0 vs. 1: p &lt; 0.001, d = 0.15; 1 vs. 2: p = 0.0002, d = 0.08). Mothers and maternal grandmothers (no PU) were rated the kindest, while the paternal grandfather (two PU) was rated lowest. Daughters consistently rated their biological parents higher than sons, possibly reflecting lower PU through female offspring. Maternal grandfathers were rated kinder than fathers, despite identical PU, perhaps due to redirected investment by non-reproducing elders. Furthermore, mothers were rated kinder than maternal grandmothers, possibly due to &quot;insider knowledge&quot; of their children&apos;s paternity. Step-relatives showed minimal variation, suggesting that observed differences among biological kin reflect genetic relatedness and PU, rather than non-genetic factors. Overall, our findings support kin selection theory and suggest that paternity uncertainty subtly yet systematically shapes perceptions of familial kindness.

Název v anglickém jazyce

The Evolutionary Roots of Familial Altruism: Paternity Uncertainty Shapes Patterns of Kindness

Popis výsledku anglicky

We investigated how paternity uncertainty (PU) shapes perceptions of familial kindness. We predicted that relatives with lower PU would be rated as kinder than those with higher PU. A total of 9,128 participants rated the kindness of specific relatives in their families. Main analyses focused on parents and maternal/paternal grandparents, who differ in their typical levels of PU. Siblings were included for broader within-family comparisons, while step-relatives, all having identical (maximal) PU, served as negative controls. Controlling for sex, age, and random effects of raters and targets, results supported PU predictions: PU showed a negative correlation with rated kindness (beta = -0.148, t((31,910)) = -6.23, p &lt; 0.001, with the full model (including PU) significantly outperforming a reduced model (chi(2)((2)) = 42.84, p &lt; 0.001). Post-hoc tests revealed significant differences between adjacent PU levels (0 vs. 1: p &lt; 0.001, d = 0.15; 1 vs. 2: p = 0.0002, d = 0.08). Mothers and maternal grandmothers (no PU) were rated the kindest, while the paternal grandfather (two PU) was rated lowest. Daughters consistently rated their biological parents higher than sons, possibly reflecting lower PU through female offspring. Maternal grandfathers were rated kinder than fathers, despite identical PU, perhaps due to redirected investment by non-reproducing elders. Furthermore, mothers were rated kinder than maternal grandmothers, possibly due to &quot;insider knowledge&quot; of their children&apos;s paternity. Step-relatives showed minimal variation, suggesting that observed differences among biological kin reflect genetic relatedness and PU, rather than non-genetic factors. Overall, our findings support kin selection theory and suggest that paternity uncertainty subtly yet systematically shapes perceptions of familial kindness.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

10602 - Biology (theoretical, mathematical, thermal, cryobiology, biological rhythm), Evolutionary biology

Projekt

—

Návaznosti

S - Specificky vyzkum na vysokych skolach<br>I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2025

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Evolutionary Psychology

ISSN

1474-7049

e-ISSN

1474-7049

Svazek periodika

23

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

3

Stát vydavatele periodika

US - Spojené státy americké

Počet stran výsledku

16

Strana od-do

14747049251357493

Kód UT WoS článku

001526801000001

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-105010975137