Average solar active region

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216208%3A11320%2F25%3A10510054" target="_blank" >RIV/00216208:11320/25:10510054 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=l.SFbHDm6r" target="_blank" >https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=l.SFbHDm6r</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554440" target="_blank" >10.1051/0004-6361/202554440</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Average solar active region

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Aims. Solar active regions (ARs) are key manifestations of the Sun&apos;s magnetic activity, displaying diverse spatial and temporal characteristics. Their formation and evolution play a crucial role in understanding the solar dynamo and space weather. While individual ARs exhibit significant variability, ensemble averaging offers a method to extract their typical properties and evolution.Methods. This study aims to construct an average bipolar AR using ensemble averaging of observational data. By normalizing ARs in space and time, we seek to identify general trends in the evolution of magnetic flux, velocity fields, and atmospheric emissions, providing insights into the underlying physical mechanisms governing AR development.Results. We analysed a sample of bipolar ARs observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The ARs were selected based on strict criteria, ensuring clear polarity separation and emergence within 60 degrees of the solar central meridian. Normalisation procedures were applied to align ARs spatially and temporally before computing an ensemble average of various observables, including line-of-sight magnetograms, Dopplergrams, and multi-wavelength intensity maps.Conclusions. The average AR exhibits a well-defined evolutionary pattern, with flux emergence followed by peak activity and subsequent decay. The leading polarity retains coherence longer than the trailing one, consistent with previous studies. Surface flow maps revealed a diverging outflow near the emergence site before the emerged AR is clearly visible in magnetograms. Atmospheric emission variations indicate enhanced heating above the AR in later phases, possibly due to persistent reconnection events. The ensemble averaging approach highlights systematic features of AR evolution that are often obscured by individual-case variability.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Average solar active region

Popis výsledku anglicky

Aims. Solar active regions (ARs) are key manifestations of the Sun&apos;s magnetic activity, displaying diverse spatial and temporal characteristics. Their formation and evolution play a crucial role in understanding the solar dynamo and space weather. While individual ARs exhibit significant variability, ensemble averaging offers a method to extract their typical properties and evolution.Methods. This study aims to construct an average bipolar AR using ensemble averaging of observational data. By normalizing ARs in space and time, we seek to identify general trends in the evolution of magnetic flux, velocity fields, and atmospheric emissions, providing insights into the underlying physical mechanisms governing AR development.Results. We analysed a sample of bipolar ARs observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The ARs were selected based on strict criteria, ensuring clear polarity separation and emergence within 60 degrees of the solar central meridian. Normalisation procedures were applied to align ARs spatially and temporally before computing an ensemble average of various observables, including line-of-sight magnetograms, Dopplergrams, and multi-wavelength intensity maps.Conclusions. The average AR exhibits a well-defined evolutionary pattern, with flux emergence followed by peak activity and subsequent decay. The leading polarity retains coherence longer than the trailing one, consistent with previous studies. Surface flow maps revealed a diverging outflow near the emergence site before the emerged AR is clearly visible in magnetograms. Atmospheric emission variations indicate enhanced heating above the AR in later phases, possibly due to persistent reconnection events. The ensemble averaging approach highlights systematic features of AR evolution that are often obscured by individual-case variability.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

10308 - Astronomy (including astrophysics,space science)

Projekt

—

Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2025

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics

ISSN

0004-6361

e-ISSN

1432-0746

Svazek periodika

700

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

srpen

Stát vydavatele periodika

FR - Francouzská republika

Počet stran výsledku

22

Strana od-do

A40

Kód UT WoS článku

001544326900005

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-105012626511